opg

Osteoprotegerin (OPG, Tnfrsf11b) is a secreted protein that regulates bone density. OPG is widely expressed and constitutively released as a homodimer by mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Regulation of its expression by estrogen, parathyroid hormone and cytokines is complex and changes with age. OPG acts as decoy receptor for TNFSF11/RANKL and thereby neutralizes its function in osteoclastogenesis. TRAIL decreases the release of OPG from cells that express it, while OPG inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Expression of RANK L on the cell surface, and thus its ability to stimulate osteoclastogenesis, is regulated by OPG by intracellular and extracellular mechanisms. Bone homeostasis seems to depend on the local ratio between TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11B. It may also play a role in preventing arterial calcification.

Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG125 Protein (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.2 kDa and the accession number is P68441.

Coordinates the incorporation of A36 into intracellular enveloped virion (IEV) membranes and, subsequently, the production of actin tails. Therefore plays an essential role in efficient cell-to-cell spread of viral particles. Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG161 Protein (A33R, E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.8 kDa and the accession number is P68616.

Plays a role in the dissolution of the outermost membrane of extracellular enveloped virions (EEV) to allow virion entry into host cells. Participates also in wrapping intracellular mature virions (IMV) to form intracellular enveloped virions (IEV). Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG190 Protein (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.1 kDa and the accession number is P21115.

Plays a role in the dissolution of the outermost membrane of extracellular enveloped virions (EV) to allow virion entry into host cells. Participates also in wrapping mature virions (MV) to form enveloped virions (EV). Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) OPG190 Protein (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.2 kDa and the accession number is Q01227.

Structural protein involved in the envelopment of mature virion (MV) to form the wrapped virion (WV). The wrapping consists of the addition of Golgi membranes to the mature virion. Participates in mature virion (MV) movement within the infected cell. May play an indirect role in MV-cell fusion. Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) OPG154 Protein (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.6 kDa and the accession number is P11258.

Plays a role in the dissolution of the outermost membrane of extracellular enveloped virions (EV) to allow virion entry into host cells. Participates also in wrapping mature virions (MV) to form enveloped virions (EV). Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) OPG190 Protein (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.1 kDa and the accession number is Q01227.

Structural protein involved in the envelopment of mature virion (MV) to form the wrapped virion (WV). The wrapping consists of the addition of Golgi membranes to the mature virion. Participates in mature virion (MV) movement within the infected cell. May play an indirect role in MV-cell fusion. Variola virus (isolate Human/India/Ind3/1967) OPG154 Protein (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.5 kDa and the accession number is P33816.

Envelope protein associated with the inner side of the enveloped virion (EV) membrane. Variola virus (isolate Human/India/Ind3/1967) OPG057 Protein (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.4 kDa and the accession number is P33815.

Prevents cell to cell fusion by interacting with and directing the viral K2 protein on the host plasma membrane. The A56-K2 complex associates with components of the entry fusion complex (EFC) presumably to avoid superinfection and syncytium formation. Via its interaction with C3/VCP protein, protects the infected cell and probably also the extracellular enveloped virus from complement attack. Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG185 Protein (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.6 kDa and the accession number is P20978.

Coordinates the incorporation of A36 into intracellular enveloped virion (IEV) membranes and, subsequently, the production of actin tails. Therefore plays an essential role in efficient cell-to-cell spread of viral particles. Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG161 Protein (A33R, His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 18.3 kDa and the accession number is P68616.

Major envelope protein that plays a role in the biogenesis of the viral double membrane and in egress of virus from the host cell. Produces the wrapped form of virus that is required for cell-to-cell spread. Acts as a lipase with broad specificity including phospholipase C, phospholipase A, and triacylglycerol lipase activities. Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) OPG057 Protein (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.2 kDa and the accession number is P04021.

Envelope protein part of the entry-fusion complex responsible for the virus membrane fusion with host cell membrane during virus entry. Also plays a role in cell-cell fusion (syncytium formation). Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) OPG094 Protein (His) is expressed in yeast with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.8 kDa and the accession number is P07611.

Regulation of plaque size and host range. Vaccinia virus (strain Lister) OPG190 Protein (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.2 kDa and the accession number is P24083.

Plays a role in the dissolution of the outermost membrane of extracellular enveloped virions (EEV) to allow virion entry into host cells. Participates also in wrapping intracellular mature virions (IMV) to form intracellular enveloped virions (IEV). Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG190 Protein (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.5 kDa and the accession number is P21115.

Structural protein involved in the envelopment of mature virion (MV) to form the wrapped virion (WV). The wrapping consists of the addition of Golgi membranes to the mature virion. Participates in mature virion (MV) movement within the infected cell. May play an indirect role in MV-cell fusion. Variola virus (isolate Human/India/Ind3/1967) OPG154 Protein (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.6 kDa and the accession number is P33816.

Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG065 Protein (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.5 kDa and the accession number is P21081.

Binds to chondroitin sulfate on the cell surface to provide virion attachment to target cell. Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG105 Protein (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.3 kDa and the accession number is P20508.

Coordinates the incorporation of A36 into wrapped enveloped virion (EV) membranes and, subsequently, the production of actin tails. Therefore plays an essential role in efficient cell-to-cell spread of viral particles. Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) OPG161 Protein (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.2 kDa and the accession number is P68617.

TNFRSF11B is a secreted protein, containing 2 death domains and 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. TNFRSF11B is a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). By binding RANKL, TNFRSF11B inhibits nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) which is a central and rapid acting transcription factor for immune-related genes, and a key regulator of inflammation, innate immunity, and cell survival and differentiation. TNFRSF11B levels are influenced by voltage-dependent calcium channelsCav1.2. TNFRSF11B can reduce the production of osteoclasts by inhibiting the differentiation of osteoclast precursors (osteoclasts are related to monocytes/macrophages and are derived from granulocyte/macrophage-forming colony units (CFU-GM)) into osteoclasts and also regulates the resorption of osteoclasts in vitroand in vivo. TNFRSF11B binding to RANKL on osteoblast/stromal cells, blocks the RANKL-RANK ligand interaction between osteoblast/stromal cells and osteoclast precursors. This has the effect of inhibiting the differentiation of the osteoclast precursor into a mature osteoclast.

Osteoprotegerin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.3 kDa and the accession number is O00300.

Osteoprotegerin Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 70.3 kDa and the accession number is O00300.

RANKL/TNFSF11/CD254 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 56 kDa and the accession number is AAC40113.1.

Osteoprotegerin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 70.2 kDa and the accession number is O08712.

Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κ B (RANK), also known as CD265, TRANCE Receptor or TNFRSF11A, is member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) molecular superfamily. RANK is the receptor for RANK-Ligand (RANKL) and part of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. It plays a vital role in bone remodeling and repair, immune cell function, lymph node development, thermal regulation, and mammary gland development. RANK is constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle, thymus, liver, colon, small intestine, adrenal gland, osteoclast, mammary gland epithelial cells, prostate, vascular cell, and pancreas.

Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF11B/OPG and to TNFRSF11A/RANK. Osteoclast differentiation and activation factor. Augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation. May be an important regulator of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells and may play a role in the regulation of the T-cell-dependent immune response. May also play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Induces osteoclastogenesis by activating multiple signaling pathways in osteoclast precursor cells, chief among which is induction of long lasting oscillations in the intracellular concentration of Ca (2+) resulting in the activation of NFATC1, which translocates to the nucleus and induces osteoclast-specific gene transcription to allow differentiation of osteoclasts. During osteoclast differentiation, in a TMEM64 and ATP2A2-dependent manner induces activation of CREB1 and mitochondrial ROS generation necessary for proper osteoclast generation.

Dehydropeptidase-I, also known as DPEP1, is a kidney membrane enzyme. Its expression in normal colonic mucosa is very low, but it is highly expressed in colorectal adenoma and cancer specimens and is negatively correlated with parameters of pathological aggressiveness and poor prognosis. The overexpression of DPEP1 suppressed tumor cells invasiveness and increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agent Gemcitabine. Growth factor EGF treatment decreased DPEP1 expression. Dehydropeptidase-I may be a candidate target in PDAC for designing improved treatments. It uses zinc as a cofactor and acts as a disulfide-linked homodimer.