ovulation

Ulipristal acetate (CDB-2914) is an orally bioavailable, acetate salt of ulipristal, a selective progesterone receptor modulator with anti-progesterone activity. Ulipristal binds to the progesterone receptor (PR), thereby inhibiting PR-mediated gene expression, and interfering with progesterone activity in the reproductive system. As a result, this agent may suppress the growth of uterine leiomyomatosis. Furthermore, by inhibiting or delaying ovulation and effecting endometrial tissue, ulipristal can be used as an emergency contraception.

Clomesone is a synthetic non-steroidal drug that can be used as a molecular structural unit. It is a drug commonly used to treat female infertility and works by blocking the action of estrogen in the brain. It has been shown to be effective in inducing ovulation in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome and other infertility problems.

Norethindrone (Norethisterone) is a synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.

Norethynodrel (Lynestrol) is a synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and endometriosis. As a contraceptive, it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.

[D-Phe2,D-Ala6]-LH-RH is a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) antagonist with demonstrated activities against LH/FSH-RH and an ability to inhibit ovulation [1].

Norgestomet is a steroidal progestin of the 19-norprogesterone group used in veterinary medicine to control estrus and ovulation in cattle. In addition to the progesterone receptor, norgestomet possesses a weak (micromolar) affinity for the glucocorticoid

Retroprogesterone, a progestin, may be used for menstrual irregularities in adolescence, for the maintenance of threatened pregnancy, and possibly as an ovulation stimulant.

FSH receptor-binding inhibitor fragment (bi-10) is a potent antagonist that inhibits the binding of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to its receptor (FSHR), modifying FSH activity at the receptor level. It suppresses ovulation and induces follicular atresia in mice. Furthermore, this compound holds potential for curbing ovarian cancer carcinogenesis by reducing the overexpression of FSHR and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in the ovaries [1].

Saralasin acetate is a Non-selective angiotensin II antagonist.

R 151885 delays ovulation in rats.

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Delalutin) is a synthetic progestational agent. It binds to and activates nuclear progesterone receptors in the reproductive system and inhibits ovulation and an alteration in the cervical mucus and endometrium.

sGnRH-A, a salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue, promotes growth hormone secretion and serves as an ovulation inducer for artificial insemination [1] [2].

Acyline is a novel GnRH antagonist found in animal studies to be a potent suppressor of circulating gonadotropin and testosterone (T) levels. Acyline inhibits basal and GnRH-stimulated serum testosterone concentrations in male dogs. Acyline prevented ovulation, but did not affect ovarian follicular development or gestational corpora lutea in the domestic cat. A single dose of the potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist acyline suppresses gonadotropins and testosterone for 2 weeks in healthy young men.

Dicetrorelix pamoate is a synthetic decapeptide with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonistic activity. GnRH induces the production and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the gonadotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary. Due to a positive estradiol (E2) feedback at midcycle, GnRH liberation is enhanced resulting in an LH-surge. This LH-surge induces the ovulation of the dominant follicle, resumption of oocyte meiosis and subsequently luteinization as indicated by rising progesterone levels. Cetrorelix competes with natural GnRH for binding to membrane receptors on pituitary cells and thus controls the release of LH and FSH in a dose-dependent manner. Cetrorelix binds to the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor and acts as a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin secretion. It competes with natural GnRH for binding to membrane receptors on pituitary cells and thus controls the release of LH and FSH in a dose-dependent manner......

Pregnanediol (5Beta-Pregnane-3Alpha,20alpha-Diol) is an inactive metabolite of PROGESTERONE by reduction at C5, C3, and C20 position. Pregnanediol(5Beta-Pregnane-3Alpha,20alpha-Diol) has two hydroxyl groups, at 3-alpha and 20-alpha. It is detectable in URINE after OVULATION and is found in great quantities in the pregnancy urine.

Gonadorelin, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR; Ki= 13 nM in CHO cells expressing the human receptor) agonist and tropic hormone, effectively stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from rat anterior pituitary cultures at 0.1 μg doses. Additionally, it triggers LH release from bovine anterior pituitary cultures at a 1 μM concentration. In vivo, gonadorelin induces ovulation in rats pretreated with fluphenazine (ED50= 610.3 ng/kg). Gonadorelin-based formulations are utilized as diagnostic tools to evaluate pituitary gland function.

Estrone-3-Glucuronide is a metabolite of the primary premenopausal estrogen 17β-estradiol .1,2Urinary levels of estrone-3-Glucuronide peak approximately 36 hours prior to ovulation and have been used as a marker of fertility in women. 1.Blackwell, L.F., Brown, J.B., and Cooke, D.Definition of the potentially fertile period from urinary steroid excretion rates. Part II. A threshold value for pregnanediol glucuronide as a marker for the end of the potentially fertile period in the human menstrual cycleSteroids63(1)5-13(1998) 2.Adlercreutz, H., Brown, J., Collins, W., et al.The measurement of urinary steroid glucuronides as indices of the fertile period in womenJ. Steroid Biochem.17(6)695-702(1982)

Des-Gly10,D-Ala6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH (salmon), a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog, effectively induces ovulation and/or spawning in farmed fish [1].

Nomegestrol acetate is a widely used progestin-like drug,which is characterized as a full agonist at the progesterone receptor

Clomifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), it has both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities. This agent causes the release of the pituitary gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), leading to ov

Norethindrone-2,2,4,6,6,10-d6 is a deuterated compound of Norethindrone. Norethindrone has a CAS number of 68-22-4. Norethindrone is a synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.

Norethindrone (Ethynyl-13C2) is the 13C labeled compound of Norethindrone. Norethindrone has a CAS number of 68-22-4. Norethindrone is a synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.

1. Coixol (MBOA) acts as a central muscle relaxant with an anti-convulsant effect. 2. Coixol interacts with the pituitary to stimulate reproduction in voles. 3. Coixol has the ability to interact with FSH to stimulate follicular development and increase ovulation. 4. Coixol can regulate gene expression, production and secretion of mucin, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells.

sGnRH-A acetate, a salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue, stimulates growth hormone secretion and serves as an ovulation inducer for artificial insemination [1] [2].

Clomifene hydrochloride can induce ovulation and can be used in infertility. hydrochloride is a simple, relatively safe, easy to administer and well tolerated, orally active compound.

Lamprey LH-RH I, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone, effectively increases plasma steroid levels and induces ovulation in lampreys, yet demonstrates no biological activity in other animal models [1].

Etamestrol is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen described as an ovulation inhibitor or hormonal contraceptive