APX2014 is a novel potent and specific Ref-1 inhibitor, blocking in vitro cell proliferation and activating apoptosis via PARP cleavage.

APX2009 is a second-generation APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibitor. APX2009 significantly reduces NFkB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA, and survivin protein levels. APX2009 decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest.

E3330 is a potent and selective APE1(Ref-1) inhibitor, which suppressed NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity.