PALATINOSE (TNP-470) is a natural occurring disaccharide composed of alpha-1,6-linked glucose and fructose。 PALATINOSE has a beneficial effect on liver metabolic functions and might therefore be a good substitute for sucrose as a sweetener.

Sucralose is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener and sugar substitute that stimulates appetite in rodents by activating a conserved neural fasting response.

Diplopterol is biosynthetic of squalene for use in acetobacter pasteurii in a cell-free system. It is a hopanoid and can be used as a substitute for sterols.

Maltitol (4-O-α-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol) is a sugar alcohol (polyol) used as a sugar substitute.

Erlose, a trisaccharide present in soybean aphid honeydew and composed of sucrose, acts as a sweetener substitute to inhibit dental caries formation by oral microorganisms, primarily Streptococcus mutans. Erlose can serve as a reference compound in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods employed for the analysis of sugar content in various food samples.

D-Tagatose (D-(-)-Tagatose), a rare natural hexoketose, is an isomer of d-galactose. D-Tagatose occurs naturally in Sterculia setigera gum, and it is also found in small quantities in various foods such as sterilized and powdered cow's milk, hot cocoa, and a variety of cheeses, yogurts, and other dairy products. It can be synthesized from D-galactose by isomerization under alkaline conditions in the presence of calcium. D-Tagatose have numerous health benefits, including promotion of weight loss, no glycemic effect, anti-plaque, non-cariogenic, anti-halitosis, prebiotic, and anti-biofilm properties, organ transplants, enhancement of flavor, improvement of pregnancy and fetal development, treatment of obesity, and reduction in symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, anemia, and hemophilia. (PMID: 17492284 ).