Quinine is a natural cinchona alkaloid that has been used for centuries in the prevention and therapy of malaria. Quinine is also used for idiopathic muscle cramps. Quinine therapy has been associated with rare instances of hypersensitivity reactions which can be accompanied by hepatitis and mild jaundice.
Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate is an optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. It prolongs cellular action potential and decreases automaticity. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.
Quinidine is a stereoisomer of the antimalarial agent quinine and a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent. for the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms and also malaria.
Cinchonine (LA40221), a local anesthetic of the amide type, now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local narcotics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia.
Morroniside would act as a regulator of hepatic inflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism in db/db mice. It exhibits protective effects against diabetic renal damage and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, by inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative s