ammonia

Glutamine Synthetase reglutes intracellular concentration of glutamate. Glutamine Synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. Glutamine is an important source of energy and that takes part in cell prolifetation, inhibition of apoptosis, and cell signaling. Glutamine Synthetase is expressed during early fetal stages, and has a role in maintaining body PH by removing ammonia from circulation. Mutations in the GLUL gene are related to congenital glutamine deficiency.

Involved in the urea cycle of ureotelic animals where the enzyme plays an important role in removing excess ammonia from the cell. CPS1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.7 kDa and the accession number is P07756.

Serine racemase/SRR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

Possesses dinucleoside triphosphate hydrolase activity. Cleaves P(1)-P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate (Ap3A) to yield AMP and ADP. Can also hydrolyze P(1)-P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate (Ap4A), but has extremely low activity with ATP. Exhibits adenylylsulfatase activity, hydrolyzing adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to yield AMP and sulfate. Exhibits adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase activity, hydrolyzing purine nucleotide phosphoramidates with a single phosphate group such as adenosine 5'monophosphoramidate (AMP-NH2) to yield AMP and NH2. Exhibits adenylylsulfate-ammonia adenylyltransferase, catalyzing the ammonolysis of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate resulting in the formation of adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate. Also catalyzes the ammonolysis of adenosine 5-phosphorofluoridate and diadenosine triphosphate. Modulates transcriptional activation by CTNNB1 and thereby contributes to regulate the expression of genes essential for cell proliferation and survival, such as CCND1 and BIRC5. Plays a role in the induction of apoptosis via SRC and AKT1 signaling pathways. Inhibits MDM2-mediated proteasomal degradation of p53/TP53 and thereby plays a role in p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis depends on the ability of FHIT to bind P(1)-P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate or related compounds, but does not require its catalytic activity. Functions as tumor suppressor.

GLUL Protein, Cricetulus griseus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.

Involved in the urea cycle of ureotelic animals where the enzyme plays an important role in removing excess ammonia from the cell.

Involved in the urea cycle of ureotelic animals where the enzyme plays an important role in removing excess ammonia from the cell. CPS1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.5 kDa and the accession number is P31327.

Phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) is an enzyme that acetylates the free NH2 group of L-phosphinothricin (L-PPT) in the presence of acetyl-CoA as a co-substrate. It is highly specific for L-PPT and does not acetylate other L-amino acids or structurally similar molecules. L-PPT is a glutamate analog that can inhibit glutamine synthetase activity in plants, resulting in the accumulation of ammonia to toxic levels and impairment of photosynthesis. The introduction of a PAT gene into a plant genome can confer resistance to glufosinate herbicide during post-emergent applications.

Primarily catalyzes the cleavage of cystathionine to homocysteine, pyruvate and ammonia during methionine biosynthesis. Also exhibits cysteine desulfhydrase activity, producing sulfide from cysteine. In addition, under certain growth conditions, exhibits significant alanine racemase coactivity.

Catalyzes the second step of the urea cycle, the condensation of carbamoyl phosphate with L-ornithine to form L-citrulline. The urea cycle ensures the detoxification of ammonia by converting it to urea for excretion.

Vascular adhesion protein-1(VAP-1) is a copper amine oxidase with a topaquinone cofactor.VAP-1 is a type II integral membrane protein, but a soluble form of the enzyme is present in human serum, and its level increases in diabetes and some inflammatory liver diseases. VAP-1 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of small primary amines such as methylamine, benzylamine, and aminoacetone in a reaction that produces an aldehyde, ammonia, and H2O2. VAP-1 vascular expression is regulated at sites of inflammation through its release from intracellular granules in which the protein is stored. The adhesive function of VAP-1 has been demonstrated in studies showing that the protein is important for the adherence of certain lymphocyte subtypes to inflamed endothelial tissues. VAP-1 mediated adhesion is involved in the process of leukocyte extravasation, an important feature of inflammatory responses. VAP-1 is considered to be a therapeutic target for diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory diseases.

D-Amino-Acid Oxidase (DAO) belongs to the DAMOX/DASOX family. DAO is a peroxisomal enzyme which founctions as a homodimer to oxidizes D-amino acids to the corresponding imino acids, producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. D-amino-acid oxidase regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain, has a high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. D-amino-acid oxidase could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. It also acts on a variety of D-amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups.

Ammonia produced by ureolysis increases the gastric pH thereby providing an environment permissive for colonization of the stomach. UreA Protein, Helicobacter pylori, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.5 kDa and the accession number is P14916.

Ammonia produced by ureolysis increases the gastric pH thereby providing an environment permissive for colonization of the stomach. UreB Protein, Helicobacter pylori, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 65.7 kDa and the accession number is P69996.

Catalyzes the second step of the urea cycle, the condensation of carbamoyl phosphate with L-ornithine to form L-citrulline. The urea cycle ensures the detoxification of ammonia by converting it to urea for excretion. OTCase Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 52.1 kDa and the accession number is P00480.

β-Ureidopropionase is a cytoplasmic protein which belongs to the CN hydrolase family of BUP subfamily. β-Ureidopropionase binds one zinc ion per subunit, catalyzes the last step in the pyrimidine degradation pathway. β-Ureidopropionase can convert N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid and N-carbamyl-beta-alanine to beta-aminoisobutyric acid and beta-alanine, ammonia and carbon dioxide, respectively. The pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are degraded via the consecutive action of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DHPDH), dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) and beta-ureidopropionase (UP) to beta-alanine and beta aminoisobutyric acid, respectively. Defects in β-Ureidopropionase are the cause of β-Ureidopropionase deficiency that is characterized by muscular hypotonia, dystonic movements, scoliosis, microcephaly and severe developmental delay.

Deiminates the guanidino group of C-terminal arginine residues on a variety of peptides, including the vasoregulatory peptide-hormone bradykinin, to yield ammonia and a citrulline residue. May promote the growth of the pathogen in the periodontal pocket by producing ammonia, ammonia having a protective effect during acidic cleaning cycles in the mouth. PAD Protein, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60.9 kDa and the accession number is Q9RQJ2.

Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase (CTH) belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family. CTH exists as a homotetramer and interacts with CALM in a calcium-dependent manner. CTH breaks down cystathionine into cysteine, ammonia and 2-oxobutanoate. CTH catalyzes the last step in the trans-sulfuration pathway from methionine to cysteine and has broad substrate specificity. Defects in CTH will lead to cystathioninuria, which is an autosomal recessive phenotype characterized by abnormal accumulation of plasma cystathionine.

Ammonia produced by ureolysis increases the gastric pH thereby providing an environment permissive for colonization of the stomach.