bronchial asthma

Methacholine Chloride (Acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride) is a quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma.

Cromoglicic acid prevents the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells.

Parogrelil Free Base (NM-702 Free Base) is a selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor with bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibits leukotriene (LT)D(4) and histamine-induced constriction of isolated guinea pig tracheal strips, and can be used in the study of bronchial asthma.

Isoproterenol (Norisodrine) is a non-selective and orally active β-adrenoceptor agonist.Isoproterenol is a potent peripheral vasodilator and bronchodilator.Isoproterenol can be used in the study of bradycardia and bronchial asthma for the treatment of heart block, bradycardia.

Diphylline (Diprophylline) is a xanthine derivative. Diphylline exerts bronchodilator effects and to a lesser extent vasodilator and diuretic properties. Diphylline probably acts as a competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterase which leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP. This results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and other smooth muscles. Diphylline may also antagonize adenosinereceptors. Diphylline is used in the treatment of acute bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Zileuton (A 64077) is a synthetic derivative of hydroxyurea with antiasthmatic properties. The leukotriene inhibitor zileuton blocks 5-lipoxygenase, which catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid; causes bronchodilation; decreases bronchial mucous secretion and edema; and may prevent or decrease the symptoms of asthma.

Betahistine (Vasomotal) is a histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers. Betahistine dihydrochloride is an anti-vertigo drug. It is commonly prescribed for balance disorders or to alleviate vertigo symptoms associated with Ménière's disease.

Urodilatin, an analogue of ANF-(99-126), serves as a diuretic-natriuretic regulatory peptide with applications in the study of acute renal failure, congestive heart failure, and bronchial asthma, among other conditions [1].

Betahistine mesylate (Extovyl) is a histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.

GGTI 2133, a peptidomimetic inhibitor of geranylgeranyl transferase type I (GGTase I; IC50= 38 nM), exhibits 140-fold selectivity towards GGTase I compared to farnesyltransferase (IC50= 5,400 nM). The compound effectively inhibits the geranylgeranylation of RAP1A (IC50= 10 µM) without affecting the farnesylation of H-Ras (IC50= >30 µM). Moreover, GGTI 2133 reduces the growth, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) cells to 75, 45, and 27% of control levels, respectively. When administered intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg per day, it prevents eosinophil infiltration into the airways in a mouse model of allergic bronchial asthma, although it does not reduce chemokine levels. Additionally, GGTI 2133 thwarts naloxone-induced contraction of ileum in rats experiencing morphine withdrawal syndrome and mitigates the severity of withdrawal symptoms in vivo (ED50= 0.076 mg/kg).

Theophylline-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of theophylline by GC- or LC-MS. Theophylline is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. It is also an adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonist. Theophylline induces relaxation of isolated cat bronchial smooth muscle segments precontracted with acetylcholine. It inhibits ovalbumin-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophil infiltration in an ovalbumin-sensitized mouse model of allergic asthma. Formulations containing theophylline have been used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Piperilate, also known as Pipethanate, is a hetrazepine derivative PAF antagonist and anticholinergic mixture, commonly utilized in bronchial asthma research. This compound exhibits hypotensive properties and has been found to effectively counteract the toxic effects of organophosphates in mice [1] [2] [3].

KAA-276 HCl is the salt form of KAA-276 free base, a novel potent and long-lasting histamine HI-receptor antagonist with less-topical irritation, and can be topically administered by inhalation for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

KAA-276 free base is a novel potent and long-lasting histamine HI-receptor antagonist with less-topical irritation, and can be topically administered by inhalation for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Fevipiprant (NVP-QAW039) is a selective, potent, reversible competitive CRTh2 antagonist.

Arpenal HCl is a ganglionic blocking agent which may be useful in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Pemirolast is an orally active antiallergic agent. Pemirolast attenuates paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions through inhibition of the release of sensory neuropeptides, that can be used for bronchial asthma and conjunctivitis research [1] - [5].

Tranilast Sodium has been used for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Tranilast is also used to autoimmune diseases, atopic and fibrotic pat.

APC 366 is a selective inhibitor of mast cell tryptase with Ki of 7.1 μM. APC 366 inhibits antigen-induced early asthmatic response (EAR), late asthmatic response (LAR), and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in a sheep model of allergic asthma [1] [2].

S-5751, a prostanoid DP (DP1) antagonist, is used potentially for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Trans-Tranilast is an antiallergic drug developed by Kissei Pharmaceuticals. It was approved in 1982 for use in Japan and South Korea for bronchial asthma. Indications for keloid and hypertrophic scar were added in 1993. It has been used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Arpenal is a ganglionic blocking agent which may be useful in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Methacholine bromide (Acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide) is a potent muscarinic-3 (M3) agonist that specifically acts on acetylcholine receptors located on smooth muscle, inducing bronchoconstriction and narrowing of the airways. Its high sensitivity in identifying bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), a hallmark of asthma, makes it useful in the assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) as a diagnostic tool for individuals exhibiting asthma-like symptoms with normal resting expiratory flow rates [1] [2] [3] [4].

1,1-Diphenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-ol is an anticholinergic agent that has the potential for the research of bronchial asthma [1].

Fluticasone propionate (CCI-187881), derived from fluticasone used to remedy asthma and allergic rhinitis, is a high affinity, selective GR (glucocorticoid receptor) agonist.

Chloropyramine is a competitive reversible H1 receptor antagonist that can be used in allergic conditions research, for example, conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma. Chloropyramine also shows anti-tumour activity in breast cancer [1] [2].

Diprophylline-d6 is a deuterated compound of Diprophylline. Diprophylline has a CAS number of 479-18-5. Dyphylline is a xanthine derivative. Dyphilline exerts bronchodilator effects and to a lesser extent vasodilator and diuretic properties. Dyphilline probably acts as a competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterase which leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP. This results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and other smooth muscles. Dyphylline may also antagonize adenosinereceptors. Dyphylline is used in the treatment of acute bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Andolast, also known as CR-2039, an anti-allergic agent for the treatment of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Andolast acts at different cellular levels to inhibit immunoglobulin E synthesis. Andolast proved to be significan

Tulobuterol is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma, asthmatic bronchitis and chronic bronchitis. Research shows that it could inhibit rhinovirus infection in primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells.

Metaproterenol hemisulfate (Orciprenaline sulfate) is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.