cardioprotection

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory properties.

β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a natural nucleotide and a key intermediate in the synthesis of coenzyme I (NAD+). β-nicotinamide mononucleotide is involved in a number of biochemical reactions in the human body, which are related to immunity and metabolism.

Oxysophoridine (Sophoridine N-oxide) has a protective effect on focal cerebral ischemic injury through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms; it may be a potential neuroprotective agent for cerebral ischemia injury, that the effect may be due to its ability to inhibit oxidative stress and expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1.Oxysophoridine ameliorates cardiac damage in a rat model of AMI and that this cardioprotection may be linked with its anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Licochalcone C (LICOCHALCONEC) has potent antioxidant properties and inhibition of bacterial growth and cellular respiration. It has cardioprotection effect, via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Licochalcone C exhibit inhibitory activity with cytotoxicity in a rat basophilic leukaemia cell line, RBL-2H3. Licochalcone C induces apoptosis via B-cell lymphoma 2 family proteins in T24 cells, it may be a potential adjuvant therapeutic agent for bladder cancer.

Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits a protective effect on rat hepatocytes, inhibits COX-2 activity, has antimicrobial properties, and is a promising anti-HIV agent. Additionally, it demonstrates scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and superoxide anions, alleviates osteoarthritis, and increases brain cell membrane fluidity in ischemia-reperfusion rats.