carnitine

D-Carnitine hydrochloride ((S)-Carnitine Hydrochloride) is a component of striated muscle and liver, used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and to treat hyperlipoproteinemias.

DL-Carnitine (Carnitina) is the constituent of liver and striated muscle. In therapeutically It is used to stimulate pancreatic and gastric secretions and to treat hyperlipoproteinemias.

L-Carnitine (L(-)-Carnitine) is an amino acid derivative. L-Carnitine facilitates long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria, delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain.

(±)-Carnitine chloride (Monocamin) is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine.

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride) is a nutritional supplement composed of the hydrochloride salt form of the acetylated form of the endogenously produced L-carnitine, with potential neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, anti-depressive and immunomodulating activities. It may also relieve peripheral neuropathy induced by chemotherapy, diabetes or other diseases. In addition, acetyl-L-carnitine may modulate the immune response by increasing T-lymphocytes maturation and may downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. It may also disrupt the ACE2 signaling pathway and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Palmitoylcarnitine (Palmitoyl DL-carnitine) is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation intermediate that acts as a surfactant.

Glutarylcarnitine (O-glutaroyl-L-carnitine) is a diagnostic metabolite for malonic aciduria and glutaric aciduria type I monitored in most tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening programmes.

(±)-Propionylcarnitine chloride (Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride) is a mixture of short-chain acylcarnitines used as a dietary supplement for the study of chronic diabetes.

Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Palmitoyl DL-carnitine chloride) is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation intermediate that mediates intralipid cardioprotection.Palmitoylcarnitine chloride eliminates colorectal cancer cell survival by depletion of glutathione. induces cancer cell death and regulates the interaction between protein kinase C βII and its receptor RACK1.

Oleoylcarnitine (Oleoyl-L-carnitine) inhibits adenine nucleotide translocase (AdNT) activity with an ic50 of 14 μM.Oleoylcarnitine is an important indicator of neurodegeneration.

Valerylcarnitine (VALERYL-L-CARNITINE) is a short-chain fatty acid used in the study of type 2 diabetes.

Tetradecanoylcarnitine (L-Myristoylcarnitine) is an acylcarnitine involved in the beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, and is a potential marker for very-long-chain coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. alpha-Dihydroartemisinin is a potent and selective inhibitor with multiple targets.

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a member of the class of compounds known as acylcarnitines. Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a product of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.

Carnitine is a quaternary amine that occurs naturally in most mammalian tissue. Carnitine is present in relatively high concentrations in skeletal muscle and heart where it is involved in regulating energy metabolism. It has also been used to allow the en

Tiglyl carnitine is associated with lung cancer and carnitine and glycine to 3-ketothiolase deficiency .

Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride (Acylcarnitine C18:0) is a long-chain acylcarnitine found in the cerebellum that inhibits GlyT2 and is an important component in the study of lipid metabolism.

Myristoyl-L-carnitine chloride (L-Myristoylcarnitine chloride) is one of the body's metabolites implicated in inherited metabolic disorders.Tetradecanoylcarnitine is a potential marker for the study of diabetes mellitus and autoimmune hepatitis.

Stearoylcarnitine (Stearoyl-L-carnitine) is a fatty ester lipid molecule, a human endogenous metabolite that serves as a biomarker for early-onset preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia.

L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Palmitoyl-L-carnitine chloride) is a fatty acid metabolite with antithrombotic properties that protects mice from ischemic stroke by counteracting intracerebral thrombosis in the tMCAO model.L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Palmitoyl-L-carnitine chloride) is a fatty acid metabolite with antithrombotic properties. Palmitoylcarnitine chloride inhibits the Na/K pump in the heart and inhibits FeCl 3-induced arterial thrombosis Attenuates intracerebral thrombosis and inflammation in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).

(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride ((3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chlor) is a synthetic carnitine related compound used as a transporter substrate in the cloning and sequencing of human carnitine transporter 2 (CT2).

Suberic acid (1,8-Octanedioic acid) is present in the urine of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders. A metabolic breakdown product derived from oleic acid. Elevated levels of this unstaruated dicarboxylic acid are found in individuals with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD). Suberic acid is also associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency.

Oxfenicine (4-Hydroxy-L-phenylglycine) is a carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor. Oxfenicine improves whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mouse with insulin resistance.

9-Oxononanoic Acid is an oxidized fatty acid, formed by the autoxidation of linoleic acid, which enhances phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and increases the production of thromboxane B2 in isolated human plasma.9-Oxononanoic Acid reduces hepatic neofatty acid synthesis and enhances the activity of rat hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase, a marker of β-oxidation. Activity.

3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine is a carnitine derivative that may serve as a novel biomarker for biotin deficiency in humans, with its concentration increasing in such conditions. Biotin deficiency reduces the activity of biotin-dependent 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, hindering the conversion of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, and impairing the leucine catabolism pathway, resulting in elevated plasma 3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine concentrations [1].

L-Hexanoylcarnitine is a form of acylcarnitine used as a supplement for athletes and fitness enthusiasts to enhance physical performance and promote fat metabolism.

Isovalerylcarnitine (3-methylbutyrylcarnitine) is a small molecule compound produced by the catabolism of L-leucine and the accumulation of isovaleric acid. Isovalerylcarnitine is also a selective and effective calpain activator that can promote cell apoptosis. Isovalerylcarnitine is related to isovaleric acidemia and can be used as a marker of isovaleric acidemia.

L-Octanoylcarnitine is the active octanoylcarnitine present in plasma and is a potential biomarker for breast cancer.

L-Palmitoylcarnitine TFA, a long-chain acylcarnitine and fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and disrupts the membrane lipid environment during ischemia. It inhibits K ATP channel activity by interacting with Kir6.2 without altering single-channel conductance [1].

Dodecanoylcarnitine ((-)-Lauroylcarnitine) has been associated with disturbances in fatty acid oxidation, and the use of Dodecanoylcarnitine resulted in an increase in the permeability of salmon calcitonin.

Butyrylcarnitine is a plasma metabolite that is an indicator of abnormal metabolism due to disease and is used in the diagnosis of heart failure and pancreatic cysts.

Nε,Nε,Nε-Trimethyllysine chloride (Lys(Me)3-OH Chloride) is a methylated derivative of lysine, found in histone proteins and serves as a coenzyme in fatty acid oxidation. It is a precursor for carnitine, generated by S-adenosyl-L-methionine on lysine residues. Upon proteolysis, it is converted to 3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine by mitochondrial 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase, initiating carnitine biosynthesis.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a colorless amine oxide produced from choline, betaine, and carnitine via intestinal microbial metabolism that accumulates in tissues of marine animals and prevents the protein-damaging effects of urea.Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation through activation of ROS NLRP3 inflammasomes, which can induce fibroblast differentiation and cardiac fibrosis.

Malonyl CoA tetralithium (Malonyl coenzyme A), serves as a substrate in fatty acid biosynthesis and functions as an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, it acts as a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 [1] [2].

Palmitoyl CoA lithium (Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium) is a major component of fatty acids involved in the carnitine shuttle system, beta-oxidation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and can be used to study metabolic disorders in the body.