fertility

Ulipristal acetate (CDB-2914) is an orally bioavailable, acetate salt of ulipristal, a selective progesterone receptor modulator with anti-progesterone activity. Ulipristal binds to the progesterone receptor (PR), thereby inhibiting PR-mediated gene expression, and interfering with progesterone activity in the reproductive system. As a result, this agent may suppress the growth of uterine leiomyomatosis. Furthermore, by inhibiting or delaying ovulation and effecting endometrial tissue, ulipristal can be used as an emergency contraception.

Estradiol (E2) is a naturally occurring steroidal sex hormone that is essential for female fertility and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ).

Ostarine (MK-2866) is a non-steroidal agent with anabolic activity. Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) GTx-024 is designed to work like testosterone, thus promoting and/or maintaining libido, fertility, prostate growth, and muscle growth and strength. Mimicking testosterone's action, this agent may increase lean body mass, thereby ameliorating muscle wasting in the hypermetabolic state of cancer cachexia.

Maleuric acid (N-Carbamoylmaleamic acid) is anti-mitotic and can be used in biological research in conjunction with radioautography.Maleuric acid is used to improve the growth and fertility of plants and animals as well as to treat whey acid deficiency.

Estradiol benzoate (Benzhormovarine) is the synthetic benzoate ester of estradiol, a steroid sex hormone vital to the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females.

Nogotrienone is an anabolic steroid with fertility and contraceptive activity that has been studied as a therapeutic agent for hereditary angioneurotic edema.

Quassin has female anti-fertility properties, possibly acting via inhibition of estrogen secretion.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a heterodimeric glycoprotein synthesized by gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland, influences animal fertility and reproductive performance [1] [2].

1-Myristoyl-3-chloropropanediol, a 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) fatty acid ester, induces nephropathy, tubular hyperplasia, and adenomas through chronic oral administration. It also diminishes fertility or leads to infertility in rats and suppresses immune function [1].

Zearalenone-13C18is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of zearalenone by GC- or LC-MS. Zearalenone is a mycotoxin that has been found inFusariumand has estrogenic activities.1It binds to human estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ (IC50s = 9 and 5.8 nM, respectively).2Zearalenone induces precocious development of mammary tissues in young female pigs and prepucial enlargement in young male pigs.3Zearalenone (1.5-5 mg/kg of diet) induces hyperestrogenism in pigs. It also induces degeneration of meiotic chromatin in oocytes and reduces fertility in pigs when administered at a dose of 200 μg/kg.4Zearalenone has been found as a contaminant in wheat, maize, and barley and livestock feeds.3,4

BHD, a reversible male contraceptive agent, effectively induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis and causes abnormalities in seminiferous tubules in vivo at doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg. Additionally, it disrupts the blood-testis barrier and decreases the fertility index in male mice, with effects lasting between two to six weeks post-administration.

Gamendazole is a novel drug candidate for male contraception. It has been shown to reduce fertility in male rats without affecting testosterone levels.

6PPD-Q (6PPD-Quinone), a contaminant present in the environment and soil, is a derivative of the tire antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), which impairs the quality of spermatozoa in mice and induces impaired male fertility.

Anordiol is an antiestrogen with estrogenic activity. It also is known to inhibit fertility.

Estrone-3-Glucuronide is a metabolite of the primary premenopausal estrogen 17β-estradiol .1,2Urinary levels of estrone-3-Glucuronide peak approximately 36 hours prior to ovulation and have been used as a marker of fertility in women. 1.Blackwell, L.F., Brown, J.B., and Cooke, D.Definition of the potentially fertile period from urinary steroid excretion rates. Part II. A threshold value for pregnanediol glucuronide as a marker for the end of the potentially fertile period in the human menstrual cycleSteroids63(1)5-13(1998) 2.Adlercreutz, H., Brown, J., Collins, W., et al.The measurement of urinary steroid glucuronides as indices of the fertile period in womenJ. Steroid Biochem.17(6)695-702(1982)

Ulipristal is a selective SPRM for emergency contraception after an unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure.

Norethisterone enanthate (NSC-9564) is a long-acting parenteral progestogen with antigonadotropic effects.

Menotropin (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin) is a hormonally active drug for the treatment of fertility disorders, extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women.

Zearalenone (F2 toxin) is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in cattle, pigs and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts.

rac Zearalenone-d6 is a deuterated compound of rac Zearalenone.