L-Kynurenine sulfate, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist, activates AHR-driven polarization of naive T cells towards the anti-inflammatory Treg phenotype.

Kynurenine sulfate monohydrate is a precursor of kynurenic acid which is the only recognized endogenous excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist agent in the central nervous system. L-Kyn is known to be a pigment generating component in animals. In mamma

3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-hydroxy-DL-Kynurenine) is an active metabolite of tryptophan and inhibits yeast and rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase by 97 and 69%.

L-Kynurenine ((S)-Kynurenine) is a key intermediate in the breakdown pathway of tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is a substrate of kynureninase, KMO, and KAT associated with the suppression of antitumor immune responses. It has been shown to inhibit allogeneic T-cell proliferation and to increase malignant U87 glioma cell invasion into a collagen matrix.

L-Kynurenine-d4 is a deuterated compound of L-Kynurenine. L-Kynurenine has a CAS number of 2922-83-0. L-Kynurenine is a key intermediate in the breakdown pathway of tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is a substrate of kynureninase, KMO, and KAT associated with the suppression of antitumor immune responses. It has been shown to inhibit allogeneic T-cell proliferation and to increase malignant U87 glioma cell invasion into a collagen matrix.

L-Kynurenine-d4-1 is a deuterated compound of L-Kynurenine. L-Kynurenine has a CAS number of 2922-83-0. L-Kynurenine is a key intermediate in the breakdown pathway of tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is a substrate of kynureninase, KMO, and KAT associated with the suppression of antitumor immune responses. It has been shown to inhibit allogeneic T-cell proliferation and to increase malignant U87 glioma cell invasion into a collagen matrix.

D-Kynurenine (ZINC901103) is a metabolite of D-tryptophan and an agonist of GPR109B. D-Kynurenine activates AhR and promotes the conversion of the epithelium to mesenchyme. D-Kynurenine serves as a substrate in the fluorescence analysis of D-amino acid oxidase.

2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is a ketone and amino acid derivative with a variety of biological functions including vasodilatory, immunomodulatory, and neuromodulatory activities.2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is the precursor of niacin. 2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is the precursor of nicotinic acid. Abnormal production of 2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid has been linked to cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms associated with neurological disorders. 2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is overexpressed in certain types of cancer cells and may be used to assess cancer risk. Expressed and may be used as a biomarker for assessing cancer risk.

4-Chlorokynurenine is a prodrug of 7-Cl-kynurenic acid (7-Cl-KYNA), a potent, selective antagonist of the NMDA/glycine receptor.

PF-04859989 HCl is a brain-penetrable irreversible inhibitor of kynurenine amino transferase II (KAT II), the enzyme responsible for most of the brain synthesis of kynurenic acid. PF-04859989 HCl has been implicated in several psychiatric and neurological

Cannflavin A, isolated from Cannabis sativa L., exhibits anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting Aβ1-42 aggregation and kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO), as well as inducing apoptosis through caspase-3 cleavage [1] [2] [3] [4].

UPF-648 sodium salt is an inhibitor of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and exhibits highly active at 1 uM (81 ± 10% KMO inhibition).

BFF122 is an inhibitor of kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II).

PF-04859989 is a brain-penetrable irreversible inhibitor of kynurenine amino transferase II. PF-04859989 is ~1000-fold selective for KAT II over human KAT I, KAT III, and KAT IV. PF-04859989 has IC50 values of 23 nM for hKAT II and 263 nM for rKAT II.

3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is a tryptophan metabolite in the kynurenine pathway. It has been found in human epidermis and bladder tissue and has been detected in a variety of biological fluids such as urine and blood. Within cells, it is primarily located in the cytoplasm. It is present in all eukaryotes from yeast to humans. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid has antioxidant activity.

Ro 61-8048 is a potent and selective inhibitor of kynurenine hydroxylase with an IC50 value of 37 nM.

HI5, a potent inhibitor of tubulin and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), exhibits an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 70 nM in HeLa cells. It suppresses IDO expression, reduces kynurenine production, and enhances T cell activation and proliferation. Additionally, HI5 impedes tubulin polymerization and cell migration, induces G2/M phase arrest, and leads to apoptosis through the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway while generating reactive oxidative stress in HeLa cells, making it a valuable compound for anticancer research.

JM6 is a weak kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) inhibitor that acts on mouse KMO (IC50: 19.85 μM). JM6 can be used to study Alzheimer's disease.

GSK180 is a selective competitive inhibitor of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO; IC50: ~6 nM), an enzyme involved in tryptophan metabolism.

GSK065 is a potent inhibitor of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO).

GSK 366 is a potent kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) inhibitor (IC50s: 0.7 nM and 2.3 nM for P. fluorescens-KMO and human KMO).

Linrodostat (BMS-986205, ONO-7701, and F001287) is a selective and orally active IDO1 inhibitor with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. By inhibiting IDO1 and reducing kynurenine in tumor cells, BMS-986205 restores and promotes the

Selective tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitor (IC50 values are 0.62 and 2 μM for human and mouse TDO, respectively). Exhibits selectivity for TDO over IDO, MAO-A, MAO-B, and a panel of receptors and transporters. Reduces growth of TDO-expressing P

CHDI-340246 is a potent and selective kynurenine mono-oxygenase (KMO) inhibitor.

UPF-648 is a potent kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibitor. It also shows highly active at 1 uM (81 ± 10% KMO inhibition).

Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist synthesized from L-tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway.

NLG802 is an orally bioavailable prodrug of indoximod, a methylated tryptophan, with immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, the indoximod prodrug NLG802 is converted to indoximod. Indoximod targets, binds to and inhibits the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; IDO1), which converts the essential amino acid tryptophan into the immunosuppressive metabolite kynurenine. By increasing tryptophan levels and decreasing kynurenine levels, indoximod restores and promotes the proliferation and activation of various immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T lymphocytes, and causes a reduction in tumor-associated regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Kynurenic acid, an active metabolite of tryptophan, is synthesized through a kynurenine intermediate by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs). It acts as an antagonist of both NMDA and AMPA receptors, as well as α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs; EC50s = 235, 101, and 7 µM, respectively), and functions as an agonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35; EC50s = 1.4 and 39 µM, respectively). In a neonatal rat model of cerebral hypoxic-ischemia, induced by carotid artery ligation, administration of kynurenic acid at 300 mg/kg prevents weight loss in the lesioned hemisphere. Additionally, at concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/ml, it protects against neurodegeneration in the rhabdomere of the eye in an Htt93QtransgenicDrosophila model of Huntington's disease. Elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid have been observed in patients with schizophrenia.

Kynurenic Acid-d5 is a deuterated compound of Kynurenic Acid. Kynurenic Acid has a CAS number of 492-27-3. Kynurenic acid, a natural metabolite of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway, is a broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist.