lh 1

LH 1 is an immunostimulant used in antitumor treatment.

LH secretion antagonist 1 is a luteinizing hormone secretion antagonist with analgesic activity.

[D-Leu6, Val7]-LH-RH (1-9) Ethyl Amide is an LH-RH peptide analogue.

[D-Glp1,D-Phe2,D-Trp3,6]-LH-RH, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue, acts as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist [1].

Spexin acetate is a potent galanin receptor 2/3 (GAL2/GAL3) agonist (EC50 values are 45.7 and 112.2 nM, respectively). Exhibits no significant activity at galanin receptor 1. Endogenous satiety-inducing peptide; inhibits long chain fatty acid uptake by ad

(D-Ser4, D-Ser(tBu)6, Azagly10)-LHRH, an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), plays a pivotal role in reproductive regulation by promoting the secretion of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [1].

BAY-298 is an orally active and selective luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R) antagonist with IC50s of 96 nM, 23 nM, and 78 nM for hLH (human LH), rLH (rat LH), and cLH (cynomolgus monkey LH), respectively. It is the first nanomolar hLH-R antagonist that reduces sex hormone levels in vivo [1].

DCVC inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extra placental membranes in vitro.Target: TNF-αin vitro: DCVC inhibits pathogen stimulated cytokine release from tissue punch cultures. DCVC (5-50 μM) significantly inhibits LTA-, LPS-, and GBS-stimulated cytokine release from tissue cultures as early as 4 h (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TCA (up to 500 μM) does not inhibit LTA-stimulated cytokine release from tissue punches. DCVC effects on LTA-stimulated and LPS-stimulated TNF-α release from tissue punch cultures of extraplacental membranes. DCVC effects on GBS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from extraplacental membranes in transwell cultures. [1]. Boldenow E, et al. The trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine but not trichloroacetate inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extraplacental membranes in vitro. Reprod Toxicol. 2015 Apr;52:1-6. [2]. Lash LH, et al. Multigenerational study of chemically induced cytotoxicity and proliferation in cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Nov 18;15(11):21348-65. [3]. Yoo HS, et al. Comparative analysis of the relationship between trichloroethylene metabolism and tissue-specific toxicity among inbred mouse strains: kidney effects. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2015;78(1):32-49.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Associated Peptide (GAP) (1-24), human, also known as hGAP-1-24, is the 1-24 fragment of the human GAP, which is connected to the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) through a 3 amino acid processing site [1].

LH-RH (4-10), a heptapeptide, represents one of the primary degradation products of luteinising-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), occurring through the pathways of the pituitary and hypothalamus. It is produced in macrophages and type II pneumocytes [1].

(D-Phe12,Nle21,38,α-Me-Leu37)-CRF (12-41) (human, rat) is a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist that counteracts the inhibitory effects of IL-1a on luteinizing hormone (LH) production [1].

Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (1-31) (rat) is a ligand for the UHR-1 GRP10 receptor, influencing fasting-induced food intake and increasing plasma levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone in rats [1] [2].

Spexin TFA, a potent agonist for galanin receptor 2/3 (GAL2/GAL3) with EC50 values of 45.7 and 112.2 nM respectively, shows no significant activity towards galanin receptor 1. As an endogenous peptide promoting satiety, it reduces long chain fatty acid uptake by adipocytes and lowers food consumption in diet-induced obese mice and rats. Additionally, it moderates LH secretion in goldfish and demonstrates anxiolytic effects in vivo.

Human Follicular Gonadotropin Releasing Peptide (hF-GRP) is a hormonal peptide that, in vitro, can induce the secretion of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [1] [2].

Gonadorelin, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR; Ki= 13 nM in CHO cells expressing the human receptor) agonist and tropic hormone, effectively stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from rat anterior pituitary cultures at 0.1 μg doses. Additionally, it triggers LH release from bovine anterior pituitary cultures at a 1 μM concentration. In vivo, gonadorelin induces ovulation in rats pretreated with fluphenazine (ED50= 610.3 ng/kg). Gonadorelin-based formulations are utilized as diagnostic tools to evaluate pituitary gland function.

BAY-899 is an orally active and selective antagonist of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R), with IC50 values of 185 nM for human LH (hLH) and 46 nM for rat LH (rLH). In vivo studies have shown that BAY-899 effectively reduces sex hormone levels[1].

LH-21 is a potent in vivo neutral cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist that reduces food intake and body weight gain in obese Zucker rats, resulting in a dose-dependent inhibition of feeding [1].

GnRH-R antagonist 1 (Compound 21a), is an orally active, membrane-permeable agent with a high binding affinity (IC50=0.57 nM) and potent in vitro antagonistic efficacy (IC50=2.18 nM). It is utilized in research focused on advanced prostate cancer and the prevention of premature LH surges [1].

[D-Lys6]-LH-RH, a Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue, serves as a GnRH receptor agonist [1].

Kisspeptin-54 is a peptide ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (Kis = 1.81 and 1.45 nM for rat and human receptors, respectively).1 It is a 54 amino acid peptide encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS-1. Kisspeptin-54 induces calcium mobilization in CHO-K1 cells expressing rat and human receptors (EC50s = 1.39 and 5.47 nM, respectively). It also induces arachidonic acid release in CHO cells expressing rat and human GPR54 in a concentration-dependent manner. Kisspeptin-54 (10-1,000 nM) inhibits insulin secretion from isolated mouse pancreatic β-cells in the presence of 2.8 mM, but not 11.1 mM, glucose.2 Kisspeptin-54 (1-5 nmol, i.c.v.) increases serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in mice, an effect which is reversed by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) antagonist acycline.3References1. Kotani, M., Detheux, M., Vandenbogaerde, A.L., et al. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J. Biol. Chem. 276(37), 34631-34636 (2001).2. Vikman, J., and Ahrén, B. Inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 11(Suppl 4), 197-201 (2009).3. Gottsch, M.L., Cunningham, M.J., Smith, J.T., et al. A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology 145(9), 4073-4077 (2004). Kisspeptin-54 is a peptide ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (Kis = 1.81 and 1.45 nM for rat and human receptors, respectively).1 It is a 54 amino acid peptide encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS-1. Kisspeptin-54 induces calcium mobilization in CHO-K1 cells expressing rat and human receptors (EC50s = 1.39 and 5.47 nM, respectively). It also induces arachidonic acid release in CHO cells expressing rat and human GPR54 in a concentration-dependent manner. Kisspeptin-54 (10-1,000 nM) inhibits insulin secretion from isolated mouse pancreatic β-cells in the presence of 2.8 mM, but not 11.1 mM, glucose.2 Kisspeptin-54 (1-5 nmol, i.c.v.) increases serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in mice, an effect which is reversed by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) antagonist acycline.3 References1. Kotani, M., Detheux, M., Vandenbogaerde, A.L., et al. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J. Biol. Chem. 276(37), 34631-34636 (2001).2. Vikman, J., and Ahrén, B. Inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 11(Suppl 4), 197-201 (2009).3. Gottsch, M.L., Cunningham, M.J., Smith, J.T., et al. A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology 145(9), 4073-4077 (2004).

[D-Phe2,D-Ala6]-LH-RH is a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) antagonist, exhibiting significant activity against LH FSH-RH and possessing the ability to inhibit ovulation [1].

[Lys8] LH-RH, an analogue of LH-RH, effectively stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [1].

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Associated Peptide (GAP) (25-53), Human, also known as hGAP-25-53, is a fragment of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone-associated peptide that serves as an immunogen for producing antiseras such as MC-1, MC-2, and MC-3. This peptide is connected to the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) sequence through a 3 amino acid processing site [1].

Ganirelix is a selective and competitive antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), effectively inhibiting endogenous GnRH from inducing the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone [1].

(D-Ser(tBu)6,D-Leu7,Azagly10)-LHRH, an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), regulates reproductive processes by stimulating the secretion of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [1].

(D-Tyr5, D-Ser(tBu)6, Azagly10)-LHRH, an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), promotes the pituitary release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), playing a pivotal role in reproductive control [1].

Potent galanin receptor 2/3 (GAL2/GAL3) agonist (EC50 values are 45.7 and 112.2 nM, respectively). Exhibits no significant activity at galanin receptor 1. Endogenous satiety-inducing peptide; inhibits long chain fatty acid uptake by adipocytes and decreas

LUF5771 is a highly potent allosteric inhibitor of recombinant luteinizing hormone (recLH) and Org 43553. It exhibits partial activation of the LH receptor with low efficacy [1].

Kisspeptin-10, a neuropeptide present in the brains, ovaries, and testes of zebrafish, plays a critical role in gonadal development and steroid expression. At a concentration of 10 ng/ml, it enhances the mRNA levels for the luteinizing hormone (Lh) receptor and both progestin receptor a (Pra) and Prb in zebrafish ovarian follicles. In female goldfish, doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/g of Kisspeptin-10 elevate serum levels of luteinizing hormone, with no similar effect observed in male goldfish.

LH-RH II (chicken), a structural variant of mammalian luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) found in the hypothalamus of the domestic hen, exists as one of two forms of LHRH that enhance gonadotropin release in domestic chickens [1] [2].

[D-Ala6]-LH-RH, a Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue, functions as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor agonist [1].

Lamprey LH-RH I, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone, effectively increases plasma steroid levels and induces ovulation in lampreys, yet demonstrates no biological activity in other animal models [1].

pGlu-His-Pro-Gly-NH2, also known as Glp-His-Pro-Gly-NH2, is a tetrapeptide that promotes the release of gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [1] [2].