parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), an 84-amino acid circulating hormone synthesized in the parathyroid glands, primarily regulates bone and kidney functions to maintain extracellular calcium levels within normal ranges. It is also utilized in osteoporosis research [1].

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor agonist. Increases serum PTH levels and bone mass in rats.

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine TFA, a potent agonist of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor, elevates calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in vivo. This compound is employed in osteoporosis research [1].

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine is a parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor agonist that is part of the parathyroid hormone family. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine is used to study osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism.

parathyroid hormone (7-34) [Homo sapiens] [Macaca fascicularis] is a peptide with the sequence H2N-LMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNF-OH, MW= 3474.03. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), human, biotinylated serves as a probe targeting the parathyroid hormone receptor. It is utilized in the analysis of interactions between parathyroid hormone and its receptors within living cells and facilitates the purification of hormone-receptor complexes using affinity columns [1] [2].

Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rat) (acetate) is a parathyroid hormone variant that enhances the structure of both cortical and cancellous bones. It is utilized in osteoporosis research [1] [2].

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-13) is an N-terminal fragment of PTH (1-34) . In vivo, PTH (1-13) (0.003-1 μmol/kg) increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) in anesthetized rats.

Teriparatide is an agonist of PHT(IC50 of 2 nM in HEK293 cells).

Abaloparatide acetate is a parathyroid hormone receptor 1 PTHR1 analogue and an effective and selective activator of the PTHR1 signaling pathway.

DPC-AJ1951 acetate, a 14 amino acid peptide that acts as a potent agonist of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide receptor (PPR). And characterized the activity of DPC-AJ1951 acetate in ex vivo and in vivo assays of bone resorption[1].

Teriparatide acetate (Forteo) is a PHT agonist, with an IC50 of 2 nM in HEK293 cells.Teriparatide acetate is a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone. It is an effective anabolic (i.e., bone growing) agent used to treat some forms of osteoporosis. Intermittent use of Teriparatide acetate activates osteoblasts more than osteoclasts, which leads to an overall increase in bone.

(D-Trp12,Tyr34)-pTH (7-34) amide (bovine) acetate is a highly potent antagonist of parathyroid hormone (PTH) The Ki value is 69 nM in bovine renal cortical membrane.

Upacicalcet HCl is an intravesical calcium mimetic that inhibits excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by directly acting on calcium-sensitive receptors in parathyroid cell membranes, thereby lowering PTH levels in the blood.Upacicalcet HCl can be used for the treatment of blood Upacicalcet HCl is a novel compound for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism, targeting amino acid-binding sites of calcium-sensitive receptors. binding sites.

Upacicalcet (AJT-240) is an intraventricular calcium mimetic, a SHPT available for human hemodialysis, that inhibits excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by directly acting on parathyroid cell membrane calcium-sensitive receptors, thereby lowering blood levels of PTH.Upacicalcet is an orthosteric modulator of calcium-sensitive receptors and prevents adenine-induced secondary vascular calcification and bone disease in a rat model of adenine-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism.

(Rac)-Upacicalcet is a racemate of Upacicalcet, which serves as an intravenous calcimimetic agent. Upacicalcet acts by directly targeting calcium-sensing receptors on parathyroid cell membranes, effectively suppressing the release of excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) and reducing blood PTH levels. This compound holds the potential for researching secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) [1].

Calcium-Sensing Receptor Antagonists I functions as an antagonist to the parathyroid hormone receptors that sense calcium.

Calcitriol (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3) is a metabolite of vitamin D and a vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist (IC50=0.4 nM). Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and increases bone resorption with parathyroid hormone.

Osteostatin, derived from parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) 107-111, has demonstrated properties conducive to bone repair in animal models presenting with bone defects and exhibits efficacy in mitigating bone erosion associated with inflammatory arthritis. Additionally, it possesses the capacity to inhibit both collagen-induced arthritis and direct osteoclastic bone resorption, marking its potential utility in inflammation and immunology research [1] [2] [3] [4].

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (6-24) (ACTH (6-24) (human)) is a fragment of ACTH that acts as a competitive inhibitor of steroidogenesis prompted by full-length ACTH (1-39) and the shortened ACTH (5-24), with dissociation constants (Kd) of 13.4 nM and 3.4 nM, respectively. It also impedes the production of corticosterone and the accumulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) triggered by human parathyroid hormone (hPTH 1-34) [1] [2].

Abaloparatide (BA 058), a parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) analog and selective activator, promotes Gs/cAMP signaling and β-arrestin recruitment, thereby enhancing bone formation and improving cortical structure in mice. This compound holds potential for osteoporosis research [1] [2].

PTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) serves as a potent antagonist of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1].

Osteostatin (1-5) amide (human, bovine, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, rat), also known as Human PTHrP (107-111) amide, is a C-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone-related protein that inhibits bone resorption [1] [2].

This is a tuberoinfundibular neuropeptide and parathyroid hormone 2(PTH 2)-receptor agonist from hypothalmus. Synthetic TIP39 activates human and rat PTH2 receptors.

1α-Hydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3, a natural metabolite derived from 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, effectively suppresses parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion[1].

PTH-Related Protein (1-37) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide analog of parathyroid-hormone-related protein (pTHrP), which plays a role in the physiological regulation of bone formation [1].

Glutaurine aceate containing glutamine and taurine residues is an orally active hormone of the parathyroid. Glutaurine aceate, as a hormone, is isolated from parathyroid gland oxyphil cells. Glutaurine aceate can be used for the research of antiepileptic and anti-amnesia[1][2][3][4].

3-epi-25-hydroxy Vitamin D3is the C-3 epimer of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3.1Dietary administration of 3-epi-25-hydroxy vitamin D3(0.5 and 1 IU/g) decreases levels of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in male, but not female, weanling rats. 1.Djekic-Ivankovic, M., Lavery, P., Agellon, S., et al.The C-3α epimer of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from endogenous and exogenous sources supports normal growth and bone mineral density in weanling ratsJ. Nutr.147(2)141-151(2017)

Potent 14 amino acid peptide agonist of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor (EC50 = 26 nM).

(1S)-Calcitriol (1α,25-Dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin-D3), a natural metabolite of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), exerts potent actions through vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation, including the inhibition of keratinocyte growth and suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion[1].

TIP39, a neuropeptide and an agonist for the parathyroid hormone receptor type 2 (PTH2R), effectively increases cAMP levels in COS-7 cells featuring recombinant PTH2R from humans or rats (EC50s = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), as well as in F-11 cells that naturally express PTH2R (EC50 = 1.15 nM). Furthermore, TIP39 at 1 nM halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and reduces Sox9 expression, a crucial regulator of cartilage differentiation, in CFK2 rat chondrocytes. Additionally, administering 100 pmol/animal of TIP39 reduces the immobility period in the forced swim test in mice, indicating a potential antidepressant effect.

Abaloparatide TFA (BIM 44058 TFA) is a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) analog drug used to treat osteoporosis like the related drug teriparatide.

Human PTHrP-(1-36) is a secreted form of parathyroid hormone-related protein that exhibits anticalciuric effects and promotes beta cell function and proliferation. It is utilized in research pertaining to humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) and hyperparathyroidism [1] [3].

DPC-AJ1951 is a peptide agonist of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide receptor (PPR; EC50 = 0.15 nM in HEK293 cells expressing human PPR). It induces cAMP production in SAOS-2 and UMR106 cells that endogenously express human and rat PPR, respectively (EC50s = 2.2 and 1.1 nM, respectively). DPC-AJ1915 stimulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in fetal rat long-bone explant cultures and increases collagen synthesis and cell proliferation in neonatal mouse parietal bone explants. In vivo, DPC-AJ1951 normalizes serum calcium levels in thyroidparathyroidectomized rats.

DPC-AJ1951 TFA, a 14-amino acid peptide, functions as a potent agonist for the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide receptor (PPR). It has been characterized for its activity through ex vivo and in vivo bone resorption assays [1].

'(Tyr36)-pTH-Related Protein (1-36) (human, mouse, rat), a peptide, functions as a ligand for parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors [1].'

pTH (1-37) (human), a fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH), promotes cAMP formation and enhances alkaline phosphatase activity. Additionally, it fosters growth, elevates bone calcium content, and augments bone mineral density (BMD) in uremic animals. This compound shows promise for osteoporosis research [1] [2] [3].

Ansatrienin B is an ansamycin antibiotic and antifungal agent first isolated from S. collinus and S. rishiriensis., In fetal rat long bones, it is an inhibitor of parathyroid hormone-induced calcium release (IC50 = 21 nM), which is a measure of bone resorption, and pp60c-src kinase (IC50 = 50 nM). It is an inhibitor of translation at the protein synthesis stage by specific inhibition of L-leucine incorporation (IC50 = 58 nM in A549 cells). It also inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; IC50 = 300 nM). Early in vitro studies showed that ansatrienin B potentiates the chemotherapeutic action of 5-fluorouracil , cisplatin , bleomycin , mitomycin C , and 6-mercaptopurine. Ansatrienin B is a hydroquinone form of ansatrienin A .

Maxacalcitol (22-Oxacalcitriol) is a ligand of VDR-like receptors and a non-serum calcium vitamin D3 analogue. Maxacalcitol inhibits parathyroid hormone (PTH) mRNA expression in vitro and in vivo.

pTH-Related Protein (1-40) (human, mouse, rat) enhances calcium absorption in rat intestinal cells by activating the PTHR1 receptor and the PKCα/β signaling pathways. This compound also increases the expression of the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTHR1) and four key proteins involved in transcellular calcium transport: potential vanillin member 6 (TRPV6), calcium-binding protein-D9K (CaBP-D9k), sodium-calcium Exchanger 1 (NCX1), and plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1 (PMCA1) [1].

Etelcalcetide hydrochloride (AMG 416 hydrochloride) is a synthetic peptide that acts as an allosteric modulator of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), effectively lowering parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing hemodialysis.

Glutaurine (Litoralon) TFA, a compound featuring glutamine and taurine residues, functions as an orally active parathyroid hormone. Originating from the oxyphil cells of the parathyroid gland, this hormone is employed in the study of antiepileptic and anti-amnesia treatments, as evidenced by references [1] [2] [3] [4].

CH5447240 is an effective Human Parathyroid Hormone Receptor 1 (hPTHR1) Agonist for the treatment of Hypoparathyroidism. CH5447240 showed a potent in vitro hPTHR1 agonist effect (EC20: 3.0 nM; EC50: 12 nM). It showed 55% oral bioavailability and a signifi

DS69910557, a potent, selective, and orally active antagonist of the human parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (hPTHR1), exhibits antagonistic activity with an IC50 value of 0.08 μM. It is useful in researching hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and osteoporosis.

Osteostatin (human), a fragment derived from parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) 107-139, effectively promotes bone repair in animal models with bone defects and inhibits bone erosion in cases of inflammatory arthritis [1].

Paricalcitol-D6 is the deuterated form of Paricalcitol, which is used for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone) associated with chronic renal failure.

Upacicalcet (sodium) is an intravenous calcimimetic agent that acts directly on parathyroid cell membrane calcium-sensing receptors to suppress excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, thereby lowering blood PTH levels. It is indicated for the research of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).

PCO371 (2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro(4.5)dec-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-) is an orally active full agonist of parathyroid hormone receptor 1. It has no effect on PTH type 2 receptor.

Cinacalcet hydrochloride (AMG-073 hydrochloride) is a naphthalene derivative and CALCIMIMETIC AGENT that increases the sensitivity of PARATHYROID GLAND calcium-sensing receptors to serum calcium. This action reduces parathyroid hormone secretion and decreases serum calcium in the treatment of PARATHYROID DISEASES.

Human PTH-(1-31), the 1-31 fragment of human parathyroid hormone, stimulates cAMP release and mildly activates 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase. Unlike its full-length counterpart, it promotes bone formation without triggering bone resorption, making it a promising candidate for osteoporosis research [1] [2].

Paricalcitol is a vitamin D receptor agonist. It is used for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure.