stromal

TSLPR Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-Fc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 62-88 KDa and the accession number is AAH23788.1.

TSLPR Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 35-40 KDa and the accession number is AAH23788.1.

CD157 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 56.8 kDa and the accession number is Q63072.

BST2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 13.6 kDa and the accession number is Q8R2Q8.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a novel member of the hemopoietic cytokine family that promotes the development of B cells and shares overlapping activity with IL-7. The human TSLP protein comprises a 28 amino acids (aa) signal sequence and 131 aa mature region. Human TSLP has two isoforms lfTSLP and sfTSLP produced by alternative splicing . lfTSLP is expressed in a number of tissues including heart, liver and prostate, and sfTSLP (63aa) is predominantly expressed in keratinocytes of oral mucosa, skin and in salivary glands. In aa sequence level, Human TSLP displays about 43% identity with mouse TSLP.TSLP is a cytokine that functions mainly on myeloid cells; it induces the release of T cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and enhances the maturation of CD11c(+) dendritic cells.TSLP has proliferative effects on the myeloid cell line and may initiate asthma or atopic dermatitis responses by directly activating mast cells . TSLP signals cells via the interleukin-7 receptor-α chain (IL-7Rα),shared with IL-7, together with the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) subunit. Recent studies indicate that TSLP and its receptor are novel therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis,for increased intraarticular TSLP concentrations in patients has caused chemotaxis and activation of arthritogenic T cells.

Serpin F1 is secreted Neurotrophic protein and belongs to the serpin family. Serpin F1 Highly expressed in the liver, gastric glandular mucosa and renal tubules. It is also expressed in the brain, heart, lung retina and testes. It induces extensive neuronal differentiation in retinoblastoma cells. It is potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. As it does not undergo the S (stressed) to R (relaxed) conformational transition characteristic of active serpins, exhibits no serine protease inhibitory activity.

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) was originally identified as an activity from the conditioned medium of a mouse thymic stromal cell line that promoted the development of B cells. Cytokine that induces the release of T-cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and, in particular, enhances the maturation of CD11c dendritic cells. Can induce allergic inflammation by directly activating mast cells. TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (R127A & R130A, His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.7 kDa and the accession number is Q969D9-1.

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) was originally identified as an activity from the conditioned medium of a mouse thymic stromal cell line that promoted the development of B cells. Cytokine that induces the release of T-cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and, in particular, enhances the maturation of CD11c dendritic cells. Can induce allergic inflammation by directly activating mast cells. TSLP Protein (Primary Amine Labeling), Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.3 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5TXV0-1.

SDF-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 22.7 kDa and the accession number is Q6IBU4.

TSLP Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.5 kDa and the accession number is A0A7N9CAT7.

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) was originally identified as an activity from the conditioned medium of a mouse thymic stromal cell line that promoted the development of B cells. Cytokine that induces the release of T-cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and, in particular, enhances the maturation of CD11c dendritic cells. Can induce allergic inflammation by directly activating mast cells. TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.8 kDa and the accession number is Q969D9-1.

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) was originally identified as an activity from the conditioned medium of a mouse thymic stromal cell line that promoted the development of B cells. Cytokine that induces the release of T-cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and, in particular, enhances the maturation of CD11c dendritic cells. Can induce allergic inflammation by directly activating mast cells. TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.8 kDa and the accession number is Q969D9-1.

CD157 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.4 kDa and the accession number is Q10588-1.

BST2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41 kDa and the accession number is Q10589.

BST2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40 kDa and the accession number is Q8R2Q8.

TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (R127A & R130S, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.2 kDa and the accession number is Q969D9-1.

TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.50 kDa and the accession number is NP_149024.1.

Mouse Cxcl12 is a secreted and highly conserved protein which belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.CXCL12 is widely expressed in various organs including brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and lymphoid organs. Cxcl12 activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. It also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. Cxcl12 has several critical functions during embryonic development such as B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. Cxcl12 plays an important role in acting as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. It stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. It also plays a protective role after myocardial infarction, induces down-regulation and internalization of ACKR3 expressed in various cells and stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived b progenitor cells in the presence of IL-7 as well as growth of the stromal cell-dependent B-cell clone DW34 cells.

Stromal interaction molecule 1, also known as STIM1 and GOK, is a cell membrane, a single-pass type I membrane protein and a endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein. STIM1 / GOK is ubiquitously expressed in various human primary cells and tumor cell lines. It contains one EF-hand domain and one SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain. STIM1 / GOK plays a role in mediating Ca2+influx following depletion of intracellular Ca2+stores. It acts as Ca2+sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum via its EF-hand domain. Upon Ca2+depletion, STIM1 / GOK translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane where it activates the Ca2+release-activated Ca2+(CRAC) channel subunit, TMEM142A / ORAI1. Transfection of STIM1 / GOK into cells derived from a rhabdoid tumor and from a rhabdomyosarcoma that do not express detectable levels of STIM1 can induce cell death, suggesting a possible role in the control of rhabdomyosarcomas and rhabdoid tumors. Defects in STIM1 are the cause of immune dysfunction with T-cell inactivation due to calcium entry defect type 2 (IDTICED2) which is an immune disorder characterized by recurrent infections, impaired T-cell activation and proliferative response, decreased T-cell production of cytokines, lymphadenopathy, and normal lymphocytes counts and serum immunoglobulin levels.

SDF-2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 22.8 kDa and the accession number is Q9DCT5.

CD157 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.2 kDa and the accession number is Q63072.

The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored membrane protein that belongs to the CD38 family.It is generally used in immunophynotyping. CD157 was discovered in a bone marrow stromal cell line where it facilitates pre-B-cell growth. CD157 is a bifunctional ectoenzyme that exhibits both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase activities followed with CD38. It plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to its enhanced expression in RA-derived bone marrow stromal cell lines. Studies have shown that this protein have a role in predicted to function as a cell surface receptor and an immunoregulatory molecule.

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) was originally identified as an activity from the conditioned medium of a mouse thymic stromal cell line that promoted the development of B cells. Cytokine that induces the release of T-cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and, in particular, enhances the maturation of CD11c dendritic cells. Can induce allergic inflammation by directly activating mast cells. TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (R127A & R130A, His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.7 kDa and the accession number is Q969D9-1.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a protein belonging to the cytokine family, contains 140 amino acids. It is known to play an important role in the maturation of T cell populations through activation of antigen presenting cells. TSLP induces the release of T-cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and, in particular, enhances the maturation of CD11c+ dendritic cells. It can induce allergic inflammation by directly activating mast cells. TSLP is produced mainly by non-hematopoietic cells such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells and different types of stromal or stromal-like cells. These cells are located in regions where TSLP activity is required.

SDF2L1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.4 kDa and the accession number is Q9ESP1.

CD157 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.9 kDa and the accession number is A0A0R4J190.

TSLP Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 15.4 kDa and the accession number is Q9JIE6.

BST2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 14.9 kDa and the accession number is Q10589.

TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.2 kDa and the accession number is Q969D9-1.

Interferon-induced BST2 (bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2) inhibits viral replication by tethering enveloped virions to the cell surface to restrict viral release and by inducing the NFKB-dependent antiviral immune response. BST2 expression was significantly increased during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection of Vero cells by IRF1 targeting its promoter. Both the BST2 and N protein interacted with the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF8/MARCH8 and the cargo receptor.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin-7 (IL-7) like cytokine, which plays an important role in the regulation of immune responses to allergens. TSLP binds to a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Ralpha) and the TSLP receptor (TSLPR, also known as CRLF2).

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), also called CCL2, is a member of the beta (C-C) subfamily of chemokines that is a chemoattractant for monocytes and basophils but not eosinophils or neutrophils. CCL2 binds the cognate receptor CCR2, and together this signaling pair has been shown to have multiple pro-tumorigenic roles, from mediating tumor growth and angiogenesis to recruiting and usurping host stromal cells to support tumor progression. CCL2 is found in the circulation, where it has been suggested as a diagnostic biomarker of breast cancer and prostate cancer. CCL2 can also induce arachidonic acid release in human monocytes, which has been shown to be involved in adhesion and induction of the chemotactic response, in a pertussis-toxinsensitive manner.

B7-H6 is a glycosylated member of the B7 family of immune co‑stimulatory proteins. which is a ligand for the NK cell activating receptor NKp30, was targeted to create a CAR that targets multiple tumor types. B7H6 is expressed on various primary human tumors, including leukemia, lymphoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, but it is not constitutively expressed on normal tissues.

Mouse interleukin-7(IL-7) is the member of hemopoietin family which is important to the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of lymphocyte. Mouse IL-7 shares approximately 88% aa sequence identity with rat IL-7 and 58-60% with human, equine, bovine, ovine, porcine, feline and canine IL-7. It is widely expressed in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues cell and stromal epithelial cells of the thymus, bone marrow, and intestines. IL-7 activation of IL-7 R alpha is critical for both T cell and B cell lineage development. It is important for proliferation during certain stages of B-cell maturation. IL-7 contributes to the maintenance of all naïve and memory T cells, mainly by promoting expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. It is required for optimal T cell-dendritic cell interaction.

Granzyme D is a member of the granzyme family of the serine proteases which plays a role in the induction of apoptosis. T cells, lymphohematopoietic stromal cells, and granulated metrial gland cells express granzyme D, but the function of granzyme D is unknown. Previous studies reported that granzyme D is developmentally regulated during pregnancy together with granzymes E, F, and G in granulated metrial gland cells and is upregulated by IL-2 and IL-15. Granzyme D was also suggested to have a role in stromal cell-lymphocyte interactions.

Protein Delta Homolog 1 (DLK-1) is a transmembrane protein which contains a signal peptide, an extracellular domain with six tandem epidermai growth factor (EGF)-like domains, a single pass transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. It is found within the stromal cells in close contact to the vascular structure of placental villi, yolk sac, fetal liver, adrenal cortex and pancreas and in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the adult pancreas. In addition, it is detected in some forms of neuroendocrine lung tumor tissue. DLK-1 may have a improtant role in neuroendocrine differentiation.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors VEGF-R1, -R2 and -R3 play important roles in tumor angiogenesis and are associated with poor prognosis in several solid tumors.VEGF-R1, -R2 and -R3 were highly expressed in CRC cells and stromal vessels. VEGF-R1 strong positive staining correlated with shorter survival after CRC surgery. VEGFR3/FLT4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 87.4 kDa and the accession number is P35916-1.

Growth-regulated alpha protein (CXCL1,KC), is a member of the alpha chemokine subfamily, was initially identified as an immediate early gene induced in mouse fibroblasts by platelet-derived growth factor. The N-terminal processed form KC(5-72) of the protein is produced by proteolytic cleavage after secretion from bone marrow stromal cells, and shows a highly enhanced hematopoietic activity. Mouse KC shows approximately 63% identity to that of mouse MIP-2. KC is also approximately 60% identical to the human GROs. It has been suggested that mouse KC and MIP-2 are the orthologs of the human GROs and rat CINCs. Cxcl1 has chemotactic activity for neutrophils, and contributes to neutrophil activation during inflammation. Hematoregulatory chemokine, in vitro, suppresses hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation.

TNFRSF11B is a secreted protein, containing 2 death domains and 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. TNFRSF11B is a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). By binding RANKL, TNFRSF11B inhibits nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) which is a central and rapid acting transcription factor for immune-related genes, and a key regulator of inflammation, innate immunity, and cell survival and differentiation. TNFRSF11B levels are influenced by voltage-dependent calcium channelsCav1.2. TNFRSF11B can reduce the production of osteoclasts by inhibiting the differentiation of osteoclast precursors (osteoclasts are related to monocytes/macrophages and are derived from granulocyte/macrophage-forming colony units (CFU-GM)) into osteoclasts and also regulates the resorption of osteoclasts in vitroand in vivo. TNFRSF11B binding to RANKL on osteoblast/stromal cells, blocks the RANKL-RANK ligand interaction between osteoblast/stromal cells and osteoclast precursors. This has the effect of inhibiting the differentiation of the osteoclast precursor into a mature osteoclast.

MMP1, also known as MMP-1, contains 4 hemopexin-like domains and is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. Matrix metalloproteases, also called matrixins, are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are the major proteases involved in ECM degradation. MMPs are capable of degrading a wide range of extracellular molecules and some bioactive molecules. MMP activity is regulated by two major endogenous inhibitors: alpha2-macroglobulin and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). MMPs play a central role in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and host defenses. Dysregulation of MMPs has been implicated in many diseases including arthritis, chronic ulcers, encephalomyelitis, and cancer. Tumour metastasis is a multistep process involving the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to secondary at a distant organ or tissue. One of the first steps in metastasis is the degradation of the basement membrane, a process in which MMPs have been implicated. MMPs are secreted by tumor cells themselves or by surrounding stromal cells stimulated by the nearby tumor. Numerous studies have linked altered MMP expression in different human cancers with poor disease prognosis. MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, -13 and -14 all have elevated expression in primary tumors and/or metastases. MMP-1 cleaves collagens of types I, II, and III at one site in the helical domain. It also cleaves collagens of types VII and X. In case of HIV infection, MMP1 interacts and cleaves the secreted viral Tat protein, leading to a decrease in neuronal Tat's mediated neurotoxicity.

Chloride intracellular channel protein 4, also known as Intracellular chloride ion channel protein p64H1 and CLIC4, is a member of the chloride channel CLIC family. It contains oneGST C-terminal domain. CLIC4 is a member of a family of intracellular chloride channels. It is regulated by p53, c-Myc, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. CLIC4 is detected in epithelial cells from colon, esophagus and kidney (at protein level). CLIC4 has alternate cellular functions like a potential role in angiogenesis or in maintaining apical-basolateral membrane polarity during mitosis and cytokinesis. CLIC4 could promote endothelial cell proliferation and regulate endothelial morphogenesis (tubulogenesis). Expression of CLIC4 is prominent in heart, kidney, placenta and skeletal muscle. Overexpression of CLIC4 in cancer cells inhibits tumor growth. Conversely, overexpression of CLIC4 in tumor stromal cells stimulates tumor growth. Thus, CLIC4 participates in normal and pathological processes and may serve as a useful target for therapies in disturbances of homeostasis and neoplastic transformation. Loss of CLIC4 in tumor cells and gain in tumor stroma is common to many human cancers and marks malignant progression. Up-regulation of CLIC4 in tumor stroma is coincident with myofibroblast conversion, generally a poor prognostic indicator. Reactivation and restoration of CLIC4 in tumor cells or the converse in tumor stromal cells could provide a novel approach to inhibit tumor growth.

Podoplanin belongs to the podoplanin family, also known as Glycoprotein 38. Podoplanin is synthesized as a 172 amino acid (aa) precursor with a 22 aa signal sequence, a 119 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane region, and a short, 10 aa cytoplasmic tail. Detected at high levels in lung and brain, at lower levels in kidney, stomach, liver, spleen and esophagus, and not detected in skin and small intestine. Expressed in epithelial cells of choroid plexus, ependyma, glomerulus and alveolus, in mesothelial cells and in endothelia of lymphatic vessels. Also expressed in stromal cells of peripheral lymphoid tissue and thymic epithelial cells. Detected in carcinoma cell lines and cultured fibroblasts. Expressed at higher levels in colon carcinomas than in normal colon tissue. It can interacts with CLEC1B; the interaction is independent of CLEC1B glycosylation and activates CLEC1B. It may be involved in cell migration and/or actin cytoskeleton organization. When expressed in keratinocytes, induces changes in cell morphology with transfected cells showing an elongated shape, numerous membrane protrusions, major reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, increased motility and decreased cell adhesion. Required for normal lung cell proliferation and alveolus formation at birth. Ligand for CLEC1B, a platelet receptor. Induces platelet aggregation. Does not have any effect on folic acid or amino acid transport. Does not function as a water channel or as a regulator of aquaporin-type water channels.

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1 also called CXCL12), a molecule endowed with potent chemotactic activity for lymphocytes. This receptor is one of several chemokine receptors that HIV isolates can use to infect CD4+ T cells. CXCR4 stands out for its pleiotropic roles in both physiological and pathological conditions and it represents a crucial target in drug development. CXCL12 is the principal CXCR4 specific ligand and that the pro-inflammatory chemokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is also able to bind and activate CXCR4.

C-C motif chemokine 5(CCL5) is a β-chemokine that plays a primary role in the inflammatory immune response by means of its ability to attract and activate leukocytes. CCL5 is secreted by many cell types at inflammatory sites, and it exerts a wide range of activities through the receptors CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5. Inflammatory responses can be impaired by the sequestration of CCL5 by the cytomegalovirus protein US28. Oligomerization of CCL5 on glycosaminoglycans is required for CCR1mediated leukocyte adhesion and activation as well as CCL5’s interaction with the chemokine CXCL4/PF4.The deposition of CCL5 on activated vascular endothelial cells is crucial for monocyte adhesion to damaged vasculature, but CCL5 oligomerization is not required for the extravasation of adherent leukocytes.CCL5 is upregulated in breast cancer and promotes tumor progression through the attraction of proinflammatory macrophages in addition to its actions on tumor cells, stromal cells, and the vasculature.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors VEGF-R1, -R2 and -R3 play important roles in tumor angiogenesis and are associated with poor prognosis in several solid tumors.VEGF-R1, -R2 and -R3 were highly expressed in CRC cells and stromal vessels. VEGF-R1 strong positive staining correlated with shorter survival after CRC surgery. VEGFR3/FLT4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 25-776, His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 87.4 kDa and the accession number is P35916-1.

Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn is a member of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases, which is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells, in neural tissues liver, and adipose tissue. Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn has many functions. Lyn kinase may downregulate the expression of stem cell growth factor receptor (KIT). Lyn kinase Acts as an effector of EpoR (erythropoietin receptor) in controlling KIT expression and may play a central role in erythroid differentiation during the switch between proliferation and maturation. Lyn kinase also acts as a positive regulator of cell movement while negatively regulating adhesion to stromal cells by inhibiting the ICAM-1-binding activity of beta-2 integrins. Lyn kinase relays suppressing signals from the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to beta-2 integrin LFA-1 in hematopoietic precursors. This kinase is involved in the induction of stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), but not ERK or p38 MAPK, in response to genotoxic agents. In a word, Lyn kinase functions primarily as a negative regulator, but can also function as an activator, depending on the context. Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn is Required for the initiation of the B-cell response, but also its down-regulation and termination. It also plays an important role in the regulation of B-cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis, and is important for immune self-tolerance. It has been reported that Lyn kinase plays a role in the inflammatory response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Lyn kinase Mediates the responses to cytokines and growth factors in hematopoietic progenitors, platelets, erythrocytes, and in mature myeloid cells, such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils.