sulfhydryl

GFER Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38.8 kDa and the accession number is Q63042.

GFER is a hepatotrophic growth factor and flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase which belongs to the Erv1/ALR family of proteins. GFER is widely expressed in various human tissues. They are two isoforms of this protein. Isoform 1 could regenerate the redox-active disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, a chaperone essential for disulfide bond formation and protein folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The reduced form of CHCHD4/MIA40 forms a transient intermolecular disulfide bridge with GFER/ERV1, resulting in regeneration of the essential disulfide bonds in CHCHD4/MIA40, while GFER/ERV1 becomes re-oxidized by donating electrons to cytochrome c or molecular oxygen. Isoform 2 may act as an autocrine hepatotrophic growth factor promoting liver regeneration. GFER could also induce the expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxyl-ase and ornithine decarboxylases (ODC). S-adenosylmethionine decarboxyl-ase and ornithine decarboxylases play an important role in the synthesis of polyamines.

Transaldolase (TALDO1) belongs to the transaldolase family of Type 1 subfamily. TALDO1 is expressed selectively in oligodendrocytes of the brain. TALDO1 is a key enzyme of the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway providing ribose-5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis and NADPH for lipid biosynthesis. This pathway can also maintain glutathione at a reduced state and thus protect sulfhydryl groups and cellular integrity from oxygen radicals. TALDO1 deficiency results in telangiectases of the skin, hepatosplenomegaly and enlarged clitoris.