t. gondii

Fluphenazine decanoate is dopamine D2 receptor blocke,and is a long-acting phenothiazine neuroleptic that used to treat schizophrenia.

CpCDPK1/TgCDPK1-IN-2 is a dual inhibitor of CpCDPK1 and TgCDPK1 with IC50 values of 12 and 5 nM for CpCDPK1 and TgCDPK1, respectively.CpCDPK1/TgCDPK1-IN-2 can be used in the study of diseases associated with infection of toxoplasmas such as Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominus. CpCDPK1/TgCDPK1-IN-2 can be used to study diseases associated with infections of toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), and Cryptosporidium hominus (C. hominus).

Fanotaprim is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, suppressing the growth of T. gondii strains with a TgDHFR IC50 of 1.57 ± 0.11 nM, a hDHFR IC50 of 308 ± 71 nM, and a hDHFR to TgDHFR selectivity ratio of 196.

17-GMB-APA-GA, a potent HSP90 inhibitor, is an ADC cytotoxin commonly employed for studying latent T. gondii infection.

WR99210 is a potent, orally available and less toxic dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor (IC50<0.075 nM). WR99210 has good antiparasitic activity against P. vivax and P. falciparum strains (including P. falciparum strains resistant to Pyrimethamine ) and T. gondii.

4-(3,4-Difluorobenzo)curcumin (CDF) is a semisynthetic coumarin noted for its antiparasitic and anticancer properties. It effectively reduces the population of Vero cells infected by T. gondii promastigotes and amastigotes, with EC50 values of 0.8 and 0.37 µM, respectively. Furthermore, at concentrations of 4 and 8 µM, CDF enhances the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in inhibiting the formation of both primary and secondary colonospheres in chemoresistant HCT116 cells.

Conoidin A is a cell-permeable inhibitor of the T. gondii enzyme peroxiredoxin II (TgPrxII) with nematicidal properties. It covalently binds to the peroxidatic Cys47 of TgPrxII, irreversibly inhibiting its hyperperoxidation activity with an IC50 of 23 μM. It also inhibits hyperoxidation of mammalian PrxI and PrxII (but not PrxIII). Conoidin A has antioxidant, neuroprotective effects and can be used for research on ischaemic heart disease.

4-Thiouracil is a photoactivatable probe designated for site-specific applications in detecting RNA structures and nucleic acid-nucleic acid contacts. Upon illumination with ultraviolet light exceeding 300 nm and in the presence of oxygen, it serves as an energy donor, facilitating the generation of singlet oxygen through triplet-triplet energy transfer. This process enables the highly reactive oxygen species to interact with 4-thiouracil, leading to the formation of uracil and uracil-6-sulfonate; the latter exhibits fluorescence around a wavelength of approximately 390 nm. Additionally, 4-Thiouracil functions as a substrate for T. gondii uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, allowing the synthesis of 4-thiouridine monophosphate for subsequent integration into RNA.

Trypacidin is a fungal metabolite originally isolated fromA. fumigatus.1It is active againstB. subtilisandM. bovis(MICs = 12.5 and 1.25 μg/ml, respectively), as well asT. cruziandT. gondii(MICs = 5-10 and 10-20 μg/ml, respectively).1,2It reduces viability and induces lysis of A549 human lung cancer cells (IC50s = 7.4 μM for both).3Trypacidin increases survival in a mouse model ofT. gondiiinfection when administered in six doses of 12.5 mg/kg each.1 1.Balan, J., Ebringer, L., Nemec, P., et al.Antiprotozoal antibiotics. II. Isolation and characterization of trypacidin, a new antibiotic, active against Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondiiJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)16157-160(1963) 2.Song, Z., Liu, Y., Gao, J., et al.Antitubercular metabolites from the marine-derived fungus strain Aspergillus fumigatus MF029Nat. Prod. Res.1-8(2019) 3.Gauthier, T., Wang, X., Dos Santos, J.S., et al.Trypacidin, a spore-borne toxin from Aspergillus fumigatus, is cytotoxic to lung cellsPLoS One7(2)e29906(2012)

MMV687807 is a potent anthelmintic compound exhibiting strong efficacy against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). It demonstrates an IC50 value of 0.15 μM and a CC50 value of 1.69 μM [1].

Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent-1 (Compd 3b), a selective compound against NINOA trypomastigote (IC 50 = 0.51 μM) and INC-5 epimastigote (IC 50 = 3.06 μM), also possesses anti-T. gondii activity [1].

LHVS effectively blocks T. gondii microneme protein secretion (IC50=10 μM), gliding motility, and cell invasion. LHVS is a potent, non-selective cysteine protease inhibitor.