tryptase a-1

TPSAB1, namely tryptase alpha beta-1, is a serine protease with trypsin­like activity. TPSAB1 is the major neutral protease present in mast cells and is secreted upon the coupled activation-degranulation response of this cell type. It may play a role in innate immunity. Diseases associated with TPSAB1 include mastocytosis and systemic mastocytosis.

Tryptases are serine proteases with trypsin-like specificity. Together with chymases and Cathepsin G, tryptases are important players in mast cell mediation of inflammatory and allergic responses. Tryptase alpha beta-1(TPSAB1), also known as mast cell protease 7 (MCPT7), it exhibits anticoagulant activity due to its ability to degrade fibrinogen in the presence of a diverse array of protease inhibitors in plasma. The two Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are expressed in lung, stomach, spleen, heart and skin; in these tissues, isoform 1 is predominant. Isoform 2 is expressed in aorta, spleen, and breast tumor, with highest levels in the endothelial cells of some blood vessels surrounding the aorta, as well as those surrounding the tumor and low levels, if any, in mast cells. Isoform 2 cleaves large substrates, such as fibronectin, more efficiently than isoform 1, but seems less efficient toward small substrates. It may play a role in innate immunity.

Protein AMBP belongs to the calycin superfamily and Lipocalin family. AMBP can be cleaved into three chains: α-1-microglobulin, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor light chain and trypstatin. AMBP is expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. α-1-microglobulin occurs in many physiological fluids including the plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor is present in the plasma and urine. α-1-microglobulin occurs as a monomer and also in complexes with IgA and albumin, Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor inhibits trypsin, plasmin and lysosomal granulocytic elastase. Trypstatin act as a trypsin inhibitor, exists in a monomer forms and also occurs as a complex with tryptase in mast cells.