absorption

cholesterol-absorption inhibitor Intermediate 2 is a potent and orally active cholesterol absorption inhibitor that reduces blood cholesterol levels.

3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) is a bile acid. 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (administered orally has shown good tolerability and good intestinal absorption. 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid can undergo enzymatic isomerization in the intestine and liver and produce UDCA.

BTRX-335140 (CYM-53093) is a potent and selective, orally active κ opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist, has antagonist activity for κOR, μOR and δOR with IC50 values of 0.8 nM, 110 nM, and 6500 nM, respectively. BTRX-335140 can distribute well into the CNS. ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) . BTRX-335140 endows with favorable in vitro ADMET and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles and medication-like duration of action in rats.

Cholic Acid (Cholate) is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Cholic acid facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

Lithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid) is a bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.

Laurocapram (N-Lauryl caprolactam) is a percutaneous enhancer. Upon application to the skin, laurocapram interacts with lipids in the stratum corneum and may enhance the ability of the skin to absorb a hydrophilic chemical.

Faxeladol, a potent adrenergic absorption inhibitor and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is a small-molecule Opioid receptor agonist that can be used to study neurological disorders.

SLC26A3-IN-1 is an inhibitor of the anion-exchange protein SLC26A3 with an IC50 value of 340 nM.SLC26A3 is a solute carrier (SLC) protein and a member of the SLC26 family, which has a wide range of anionic specificities for chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, and oxalate.SLC26A3 is downregulated in adenomas (DRA) and is involved in the intestinal absorption of chloride and oxalate and is associated with chloride-losing diarrhea. SLC26A3 is downregulated in adenomas (DRA), is involved in the intestinal absorption of chloride and oxalate, and is associated with chloride-losing diarrhea.

Teduglutide acetate, a GLP-2 analogue, maximizes small intestinal mucosal hypertrophy. Teduglutide acetate partially restores small intestinal epithelial function through an altered distribution of claudin-10, facilitating sodium recirculation for Na-coupled glucose transport and water absorption.

SM-2470 is an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity that decreases anterior ganglionic adrenal nerve activity and aortic descending nerve activity.SM-2470 has hypocholesterolemic activity and inhibits cholesterol absorption.

Glutamyl-glutamic acid (Glu-glu) is an Interpeptide Bridge in the Murein of Some Micrococci and Arthrobacter sp..

DMT1 blocker 1 is a blocker of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) with IC50 of 0.64 μM, which is expected to block the absorption of iron by intestinal cells in vivo.

Ezetimibe (SCH 58235) is a Dietary Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of ezetimibe is by means of Decreased Cholesterol Absorption.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can be used to dissolve gallstones and reduce cholesterol absorption.

1. Linarin (Acacetin-7-O-rutinoside) (acacetin-7-O-β-d-rutinoside) shows selective dose dependent inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. 2. Linarin alleviates GalN/LPS-induced liver injury by suppressing TNF-α-mediated apoptotic pathways. 3. Linarin prevents A beta-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt, which subsequently inhibits GSK-3b and up-regulates Bcl-2. 4. The piperine significantly enhanced the oral absorption of Linarin in rats by inhibiting P-glycoprotein mediated cellular efflux during the intestinal absorption and likely simultaneously by inhibiting the metabolism of Linarin.

Deoxycholic acid (Cholanoic Acid) is a bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

Theaflavin-3-gallate (Theaflavine-3-Gallate) can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation. Theaflavin-3-gallate has anticancer and apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung carcinoma, it acts as prooxidants and induce oxidative stress, with carcinoma cells more sensitive than normal fibroblasts.

Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Sodium taurocholate hydrate) is the product of conjugation of taurine with cholic acid. The sodium salt, the main ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals, is used as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

Carnosic acid is a lipid absorption inhibitor, endowed with antioxidative, antimicrobial, photoprotective potential, and antiproliferative properties.

Fidaxomicin (Tiacumicin B) is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic used to treat Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults. Fidaxomicin has minimal systemic absorption and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury.

Calcitriol (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3) is a metabolite of vitamin D and a vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist (IC50=0.4 nM). Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and increases bone resorption with parathyroid hormone.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

Minocycline hydrochloride (Minocycline HCl) is a tetracycline antibiotic with excellent absorption and tissue penetration that is used for several bacterial infections as well as treatment of acne. Minocycline hydrochloride can cause both an acute hepatitis-like syndrome occurring within 1 to 3 months of starting therapy or a more insidious chronic hepatitis with autoimmune features typically after long-term treatment.

PAT1inh-B01, a selective SLC26A6 inhibitor, impedes PAT1 (a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger) activity, with an IC50 of 350 nM, effectively inhibiting anion exchange. It also obstructs fluid absorption in the small intestine and is utilized in the study of small intestinal hyposecretory disorders [1].

(+)-Biotin 4-amidobenzoic acid is a substrate of biotinidase, which cleaves biotin amide to give biotin in vivo. Biotin is an essential coenzyme for certain carboxylases and is used to modify histones and regulate gene transcription. Biotinidase has key roles in intestinal absorption of biotin, the transport of biotin in plasma, and in the regulation of histone biotinylation. (+)-Biotin 4-amidobenzoic acid is hydrolyzed by biotinidase to release 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which can be quantified by either fluorescent or colorimetric methods. This approach is used in biotinidase activity assays in newborn screening protocols to evaluate biotinidase deficiency.

Tarasaponin VI is isolated from Aralia elata with potent inhibitory activity on ethanol absorption.

AcylCoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is an intracellular cholesteryl ester synthase tied closely to the absorption of dietary cholesterol. Oleic acid-2,6-diisopropylanilide is an inhibitor of acylCoA:cholesterol acyltransferase with an IC50 of 7 nM. When co-administered to rabbits or rats fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet, oleic acid-2,6-diisopropylanilide decreased low density lipoproteins and elevated high density lipoprotein levels when administered at 0.05%.

Poly(acrylic acid) serves as an effective corrosion inhibitor for pure cast aluminium in acidic environments through its adsorption onto the metal's surface. Additionally, this compound functions as an excipient within the pharmaceutical industry, utilized in roles such as a coating material and release blocker. Pharmaceutical excipients, also known as pharmaceutical auxiliaries, are chemical substances employed in drug formulation alongside the active pharmaceutical ingredients to enhance the stability, solubility, and manufacturability of the products. These excipients also influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of drugs [1] [2].

Sevelamer hydrochloride (Sevelamer HCl) is a phosphate binding drug used to treat hyperphosphatemia via binding to dietary phosphate and prevents its absorption.

α-Glucosidase (α-D-Glucosidase) is a carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme that catalyzes the release of α-glucose from the non-reducing end of the substrate. It plays a vital role in facilitating glucose absorption by the small intestine. Inhibiting α-Glucosidase effectively manages non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol (trans-1,2-Cyclohexanediol) has a synergistic retardation effect on percutaneous absorption and penetration of metronidazole (MTZ).

19-HETE is one of the major cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolites of arachidonic acid that is released from the kidney in response to angiotensin II. When formed by the CYP2E1 isoform, 19-HETE is composed of 70% and 30% of the (S) and (R) stereoisomers, respectively. Both 19(S)- and 19(R)-HETE are potent vasodilators of renal preglomerular vessels. 19(S)-HETE stimulates both renal sodium-potassium ATPase and volume absorption in the rabbit proximal straight tubule.

Tetrahydro tanshinone I is one compound of Fufang Danshen Prescription (FDP) , liposome equilibrium dialysis system could simply and effectively esti-mate the absorption of multiple components in FDP in vivo, and predicts the potential bioactivity of thes

AT-1002 TFA is a tight junction regulator and absorption enhancer. It is a 6-mer synthetic peptide.

Multiflorin A, an active compound extracted from Pruni semen, exhibits laxative properties and hinders intestinal glucose absorption while facilitating bacterial metabolism [1].

MIT-PZR is a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe.1It is aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active and displays absorption/emission maxima of 485/705 nm, respectively. MIT-PZR can be used in live cells andin vivo. 1.Dong, Y., Chen, Z., Hou, L., et al.Mitochondria-targeted aggregation-induced emission active near infrared fluorescent probe for real-time imagingSpectrochim. Acta. A. Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.224117456(2019)

22-NBD cholesterol, a fluorescent cholesterol analog featuring a nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) group, serves multiple research purposes in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Its applications span the analysis of steroid uptake and esterification, the study of intracellular localization and targeting, cholesterol metabolism in mammalian and bacterial cells, and examining cholesterol intestinal absorption in hamsters. This compound showcases excitation/emission maxima at 472/540 nm when integrated into 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DMPC) vesicles. Notably, the emission maximum of 22-NBD cholesterol varies with the solvent's polarity, becoming more pronounced as the polarity increases.

FFN 270 is a fluorescent false neurotransmitter (FFN). Fluorescent substrate for NET and VMAT2. Labels noradrenergic neurons and their synaptic vesicles, and enables imaging of synaptic vesicle content release from specific axonal sitesin vivo. Selectively labels NA neurons over other monoamine and CNS targets. Exhibits two resolved absorption/excitation maxima depending on solvent pH (excitation maxima: 320 nm or 365 nm, emission maxima: 475 nm).

Sodium picosulfate monohydrate (Sodium picosulfate hydrate) increases secretion of water and electrolytes and inhibits their absorption.

Bamadutide (SAR425899) is a potent dual agonist for the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and glucagon receptor, which notably enhances β-cell function and decreases the rate of glucose absorption in vivo, thereby improving postprandial glucose control. This compound has potential applications in type 2 diabetes research [1].

Beauverolide Ka, a cyclotetradepsipeptide derived from the Beauveria bassiana fungus, enhances glucose absorption in rat L6 myoblasts cultured at a concentration of 50 μM and exhibits protective effects on HEI-OC1 cells at 10 μM. It demonstrates dose-dependent activities in both L6 myoblasts and myotubes [1] [2].

Ezetimibe is a Niemann-Pick C1-like1 (NPC1L1) inhibitor, and is a potent Nrf2 activator.ent-Ezetimibe (ent-SCH 58235) (ent-SCH 58235) is the RRS-enantiomer of Ezetimibe. Ezetimibe is a potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor. 

The absorption and transport of angelol A and Angelol B are passive diffusion as the dominating process in Caco-2 cell monolayer model.

Talampicillin is an ester of Ampicillin. It is hydrolyzed upon absorption to release ampicillin. It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract resulting in a greater bioavailability of ampicillin than can be achieved with equivalent doses of ampicil

Desfluoro-ezetimibe is the defluorinated impurity of ezetimibe. Ezetimibe is an effective, metabolically stable cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Ezetimibe is a Niemann-Pick C1-like1 (NPC1L1) inhibitor and an effective Nrf2 activator.

Maltodextrin (dextrose equivalent 16.5-19.5) serves as an excipient in pharmaceutical applications. Excipients, also known as pharmaceutical auxiliaries, are chemical substances utilized in drug formulation alongside active pharmaceutical ingredients. They primarily enhance the stability, solubility, and processability of drug preparations, while also influencing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of co-administered drugs [1].

2-n-Nonyl-1,3-dioxolane is a biochemical. It is used as an absorption and penetration enhanceron transdermal.

Cy5.5-SE (Cyanine5.5 NHS ester) DIPEA, a cyanine (CY) dye, comprises two nitrogen atoms linked by an odd number of methyl units. Characterized by long wavelength, tunable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, and good water solubility, alongside relatively straightforward synthesis [1], CY dyes are frequently utilized for labeling proteins, antibodies, and small molecular compounds. Their application in protein antibody labeling is achieved through a simple mixing reaction, providing a method of notable reference significance [2]. Storage instructions include protection from light.

Imazapyr is a non-selective herbicide. It is highly water soluble. Thus, it has a low absorption into the soil and may leak into groundwater.

1,2-Didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholi (1,2-Didecanoyl PC) is a synthetic, less hydrophobic phospholipid that has been found to be useful for enhancing the absorption of peptide drugs and hormones such as insulin.