carrageenan

Carrageenan is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T35327 and the CAS number is 9000-07-1.

κ-Carrageenan, a natural polymer found predominantly in red seaweeds, can serve as an effective drug carrier for delivering curcumin to cancer cells and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, κ-Carrageenan holds promise as a potential inflammatory agent, amplifying existing intestinal inflammation.

λ-Carrageenan, a seaweed-derived polysaccharide, is commonly utilized as a proinflammatory agent in basic research and has also been identified as a potent antitumor agent [1].

ABT-963 is a potent and selective inhibitor of disubstituted pyridazinone cyclooxygenase-2 (LOX2) that dose-dependently reduces injury perception in a carrageenan model of nociceptive sensitization.ABT-963 is used in the study of arthritis.

GB 2a shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it can prevent the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. GB 2a biflavonoid can promote inhibition on tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells, which suggests great potential for

Boeravinone B, a novel efflux pump inhibitor, apart from inhibiting the MdeA mediated efflux, also significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of S. aureus, boeravinone B may be used in combination with mupirocin for further development. Boeravinone B exh

Lemnalol is a natural marine compound from the Formosan soft coral Lemnalia cervicorni. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in carrageenan-injected rats.

Ajugasterone C shows significant inhibitory effect at 100 mg/kg dose on rat paw oedema development due to carrageenan-induced inflammation in Sprague Dawley rats.

1,7-Dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone has antiulcerogenic, anti-oxidation, and antihyperalgesic activities, it can inhibit the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia.

5-Chlorouracil is a chlorinated derivative of the pyrimidine nucleoside base uracil . In vivo, it is converted into chlorodeoxyuridine, which is mutagenic and genotoxic.1 Uracil is chlorinated at the 5 position in a cell-free myeloperoxidase, peroxide, and chloride system in which hypochlorous acid is formed.2 5-Chlorouracil has been found in human neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in vitro and in inflammatory human exudate isolated from sites of superficial infection. Levels of 5-chlorouracil are increased in exudate isolated from the site of inflammation in a rat model of carrageenan-induced inflammation and in patient-derived human atherosclerotic aortic tissue.3,4References 5-Chlorouracil is a chlorinated derivative of the pyrimidine nucleoside base uracil . In vivo, it is converted into chlorodeoxyuridine, which is mutagenic and genotoxic.1 Uracil is chlorinated at the 5 position in a cell-free myeloperoxidase, peroxide, and chloride system in which hypochlorous acid is formed.2 5-Chlorouracil has been found in human neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in vitro and in inflammatory human exudate isolated from sites of superficial infection. Levels of 5-chlorouracil are increased in exudate isolated from the site of inflammation in a rat model of carrageenan-induced inflammation and in patient-derived human atherosclerotic aortic tissue.3,4 References

Alloferon 1, a peptide derived from the blood of the blow fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera) [1] [2] [3], exhibits antiviral and antitumoral properties. It activates natural cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, induces IFN synthesis, and enhances resistance against viral and tumor challenges in mice. Additionally, Alloferon 1 demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema models.

Fasitibant chloride (MEN16132 free base) is a powerful and specific nonpeptide antagonist of the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R). This compound effectively reduces joint pain and mitigates joint edema in a rat model of Carrageenan-induced arthritis.

Tat-CBD3 is a chemical compound inhibiting the interaction between the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2 and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), as well as the interaction between CRMP2 and the NMDA receptor NR2B subunit. At a concentration of 10 µM, Tat-CBD3 reduces the Cav2.2-CRMP2 interaction by 43% in cell-free assays and impedes the NMDA receptor NR2B subunit-CRMP2 interaction in immunoprecipitation assays. It lowers voltage-induced calcium currents by about 60% in primary rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and decreases glutamate-induced cytosolic calcium level rises in primary rat hippocampal neurons. When administered at 20 mg/kg, Tat-CBD3 lessens infarct volume in a rat model of cerebral ischemia following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Additionally, intrathecal delivery of Tat-CBD3 at a dose of 20 µg/5 µl mitigates carrageenan-induced thermal hypersensitivity in rats.

SHR0687 is a Highly Potent KOR Agonist. SHR0687 showed excellent selectivity over other opioid receptors, such as MOR and DOR. In addition, SHR0687 displayed favorable PK profiles across species, as well as robust in vivo efficacy in a rat carrageenan-induced pain model. Notably, SHR0687 exhibited negligible blood−brain barrier penetration, which was meaningful in minimizing CNS-related side effects.

Arjunglucoside I has anti-inflammatory activity, it exhibits significant activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat. It also shows antiproliferative activity against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line with an IC(50) value of 1.2 microM.

SDZ 224-015 is an orally active inhibitor of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) converting enzyme and caspase-1.SDZ 224-015 exhibits anti-COVID-19 and anti-inflammatory activity, and reduces carrageenan gum-induced paw edema in rats.

Myr-TAT-CBD3, a CRMP2-CaV2.2 interaction inhibitor, has been shown to significantly attenuate carrageenan-induced thermal hypersensitivity and reverse thermal hypersensitivity in a rat model of postoperative pain, making it a useful compound for studying inflammation and postoperative pain [1].

VUF-10214 is an H4 receptor-ligand. VUF-10214 has significant anti-inflammatory properties in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in vivo studies in the rat reveal.

Thielavin B, produced by Thielavia terricola, functions as an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, specifically targeting the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 from the endoperoxide. It demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing carrageenan-induced edema in rats when administered intravenously.

Kaji-ichigoside F1 shows antiinflammatory/antinociceptive action in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate testing and in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in mice and rats. Kaji-ichigoside F1 exhibits in vivo hepatoprotective effects, it inhibite

Taraxasterol acetate has anti-inflammatory activity in bino rats against carrageenan, formaldehyde and adjuvant induced inflammations. Taraxasterol acetate also displays potential antibacterial activities.

Mannioside A has anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits carrageenan-induced paw edema in the rat.

The group IVA phospholipase A2 (PLA2), known as calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), selectively releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, playing a central role in initiating the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. AX 048 is a potent group IVA cPLA2 inhibitor that demonstrates 50% inhibition of the enzyme at a mole fraction (XI(50)) of 0.022. Pretreatment with AX 048 (ED50 = 1.2 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduces thermal hyperalgesia evoked by carrageenan injection of rat hind paw. At concentrations as high as 30 μM, AX 048 does not inhibit COX activity or interfere with central cannabinoid receptor signaling.

P4pal10, a PAR 4 antagonist, inhibits thrombin-mediated aggregation of mouse platelets in vivo and significantly diminishes Carrageenan-induced edema and granulocyte infiltration [1].

Myr-Tat-CBD3 is a chemical compound that serves as an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction between the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2 and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). This compound effectively disrupts the Cav2.2-CRMP2 interaction by about 81% at a 10 µM concentration and demonstrates an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of approximately 2.8 µM against potassium-induced calcium influx in primary rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Furthermore, at a concentration of 20 µM, Myr-Tat-CBD3 specifically inhibits calcium currents without affecting sodium currents in primary DRG neurons. Additionally, intrathecal administration of 20 µg/5 µl of Myr-Tat-CBD3 effectively mitigates carrageenan-induced declines in paw withdrawal latencies in rats, indicating its potential for pain relief. The compound also notably reduces cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats, suggesting therapeutic potential in addiction treatment.

Draflazine is an ENT1 inhibitor. It completely reverses the hypersensitivity in the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) model of mechanical hyperalgesia. Draflazine also completely reverses the hypersensitivity of the carrageenan inflammation model of therma

PKSI-527 is an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein (Ki = 0.81 μM). It is selective for plasma kallikrein over glandular kallikrein, plasmin, thrombin, urokinase, and Factor Xa (Kis = >500, 390, >500, 200, and >500 μM, respectively). PKSI-527 reduces bradykinin generation induced by kaolin and λ-carrageenan ex vivo in human plasma. It also prolongs partial thromboplastin and euglobulin clot lysis times. In vivo, PKSI-527 (300 mg/kg per day) reduces hyperplasia, pannus formation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the tarsal joint of mice with collagen-induced arthritis.

Tomentin has anti-inflammatory effects, it can inhibit the formation of λ-carrageenan footpad edema at 58%.

Lornoxicam-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of lornoxicam by GC- or LC-MS. Lornoxicam is a COX inhibitor and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It inhibits production of thromboxane B2 from arachidonic acid in HEL human erythroleukemic cells, which endogenously express COX-1, as well as inhibits LPS-induced formation of prostaglandin F1α from arachidonic acid in Mono-Mac-6 cells, which endogenously express COX-2. Lornoxicam reduces LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and IL-6 in cell-based assays with IC50 values of 65 and 54 µM, respectively. It reduces carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats when administered intravenously at doses ranging from 0.1 to 9 mg/kg. Formulations containing lornoxicam have been used in the management of postoperative pain.

Hautriwaic acid shows anti-inflammatory activity in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) mice ear edema models, it diminishes the joint edema induced by this mixture of polysaccharides (carrageenan), possibly by acting as immunomodulator of the infl

Anti-inflammatory agent 40 is a promising, orally-active compound with anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory properties. It effectively inhibits carrageenan-induced paw swelling in vivo.

Tat-AKAP79 (326-336) is a peptide that links the HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain with an 11-amino acid sequence from A-kinase anchor protein 79 (AKAP79). This compound effectively inhibits the activation-induced sensitization by protein kinase A (PKA) or PKC of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) at a concentration of 200 µM in isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Additionally, it mitigates nocifensive behavior in mice elicited by formalin or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA014), enhances latency for paw withdrawal from radiant heat, and raises the mechanical threshold force required for paw withdrawal in a carrageenan-induced mouse model of inflammatory pain.

AHR-10037 is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties as well as a high therapeutic index and low gastric toxicity. AHR-10037 was comparable to indomethacin in suppressing acute (Evans blue-carrageenan pleural effusion) and chronic (adjuvant-induced arthritis) inflammation. Studies have shown that it is converted in vivo to a prodrug of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.

Lornoxicam (Chlortenoxicam) (chlortenoxicam) is a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. Lornoxicam differs from other oxicam compounds in its potent inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, a property that explains the particularly pronounced efficacy of the drug. Lornoxicam is approved for use in Japan.