demethylation

Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Demethylation of Lys residue generates formaldehyde and succinate. May have tumor suppressor activity.

JMJD1C Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) with restriction activity against viruses, foreign DNA and mobility of retrotransposons. Exhibits antiviral activity against adeno-associated virus (AAV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and can deaminate both methylcytosine and cytosine in foreign DNA. Can induce somatic hypermutation in the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation.

The physiological role of BioH is to remove the methyl group introduced by BioC when the pimeloyl moiety is complete. It allows to synthesize pimeloyl-ACP via the fatty acid synthetic pathway through the hydrolysis of the ester bonds of pimeloyl-ACP esters. E.coli employs a methylation and demethylation strategy to allow elongation of a temporarily disguised malonate moiety to a pimelate moiety by the fatty acid synthetic enzymes. BioH shows a preference for short chain fatty acid esters (acyl chain length of up to 6 carbons) and short chain p-nitrophenyl esters. Also displays a weak thioesterase activity. Can form a complex with CoA, and may be involved in the condensation of CoA and pimelic acid into pimeloyl-CoA, a precursor in biotin biosynthesis.; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the methyl ester bond of dimethylbutyryl-S-methyl mercaptopropionate (DMB-S-MMP) to yield dimethylbutyryl mercaptopropionic acid (DMBS-MPA) during the biocatalytic conversion of simvastin acid from monacolin J acid. Can also use acyl carriers such as dimethylbutyryl-S-ethyl mercaptopropionate (DMB-S-EMP) and dimethylbutyryl-S-methyl thioglycolate (DMB-S-MTG) as the thioester substrates.

Presents phospholipase and nuclease activities, depending on the different physiological conditions. Interaction with Mitoguardin (MIGA1 or MIGA2) affects the dimer conformation, facilitating the lipase activity over the nuclease activity. Plays a key role in mitochondrial fusion and fission via its phospholipase activity. In its phospholipase role, it uses the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin as substrate to generate phosphatidate (PA or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate), a second messenger signaling lipid. Production of PA facilitates Mitofusin-mediated fusion, whereas the cleavage of PA by the Lipin family of phosphatases produces diacylgycerol (DAG) which promotes mitochondrial fission. Both Lipin and DAG regulate mitochondrial dynamics and membrane fusion/fission, important processes for adapting mitochondrial metabolism to changes in cell physiology. Mitochondrial fusion enables cells to cope with the increased nucleotide demand during DNA synthesis. Mitochondrial function and dynamics are closely associated with biological processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Mediator of MYC activity, promotes mitochondrial fusion and activates AMPK which in turn inhibits YAP/TAZ, thereby inducing cell growth and proliferation. The endonuclease activity plays a critical role in PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis during spermatogenesis. Implicated in spermatogenesis and sperm fertility in testicular germ cells, its single strand-specific nuclease activity is critical for the biogenesis/maturation of PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA). MOV10L1 selectively binds to piRNA precursors and funnels them to the endonuclease that catalyzes the first cleavage step of piRNA processing to generate piRNA intermediate fragments that are subsequently loaded to Piwi proteins. Cleaves either DNA or RNA substrates with similar affinity, producing a 5' phosphate end, in this way it participates in the processing of primary piRNA transcripts. piRNAs provide essential protection against the activity of mobile genetic elements. piRNA-mediated transposon silencing is thus critical for maintaining genome stability, in particular in germline cells when transposons are mobilized as a consequence of wide-spread genomic demethylation. PA may act as signaling molecule in the recognition/transport of the precursor RNAs of primary piRNAs. Interacts with tesmin in testes, suggesting a role in spermatogenesis via association with its interacting partner.

Catalyzes C14-demethylation of lanosterol which is critical for ergosterol biosynthesis. It transforms lanosterol into 4,4'-dimethyl cholesta-8,14,24-triene-3-beta-ol. ERG11 Protein, S. cerevisiae, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 29.1 kDa and the accession number is P10614.

Its precise biological substrate is not known. Catalyzes C14-demethylation of lanosterol, 24,25-dihydrolanosterol and obtusifoliol which is critical for ergosterol biosynthesis. It transforms lanosterol into 4,4'-dimethyl cholesta-8,14,24-triene-3-beta-ol.

Single-stranded DNA-specific cytidine deaminase. Involved in somatic hypermutation (SHM), gene conversion, and class-switch recombination (CSR) in B-lymphocytes by deaminating C to U during transcription of Ig-variable (V) and Ig-switch (S) region DNA. Required for several crucial steps of B-cell terminal differentiation necessary for efficient antibody responses. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation.