dorsal

Draxin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.5 kDa and the accession number is Q8NBI3.

Interleukin-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) is a newly identified type I cytokine receptor, that is related to gp130, the common receptor of the interleukin (IL) -6 family cytokines. IL-31RA forms a functional receptor complex for IL-31 together with the beta subunit of oncostatin M receptor (OSMRbeta). OSMRbeta is expressed in a subset of small-sized nociceptive neurons of adult dorsal root ganglia (DRGs).IL-31 and OSM may thus have redundant functions in the development of OSMRbeta-expressing neurons. IL-31RA Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 56.3 kDa and the accession number is Q8K5B1-1.

The cadherin superfamily is a large family that engage in both homo- and heterotypic, calcium-dependent, cell-cell adhesion events, and can be divided into at least four subfamilies based on the extracellular (EC) regions and cytoplasmic domains, that is: classical cadherins, desmosomal cadherins, protocadherins, and cadherin-like molecules. Human cadherin 4, type 1, R-cadherin (retinal), also known as CDH4, CAD4 and RCAD, is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily. It is a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule and a type I transmembrane glycoprotein composed of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. CDH4 is thought to play an important role during brain segmentation and neuronal outgrowth, and also exerts critical actions in kidney and muscle development. CDH4 is expressed in vascular smooth muscle, pancreatic β-cells, thyroid follicular cells, sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia, and, possibly, astrocytes and endothelium of the retina. As a classic cadherin, CDH4 forms both homodimers and heterodimers with N-cadherin. The extracellular region of human CDH4 is 96% aa identical to that of mouse CDH4.

MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein 2, also known as MAM domain-containing protein 1, MDGA2, and MAMDC1, is a cell membrane protein that contains six Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) domains and one MAM domain. Analyses of the full-length coding region of MDGA1 and MDGA2 indicate that they encode proteins that comprise a novel subgroup of the Ig superfamily and have a unique structural organization consisting of six immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains followed by a single MAM domain. Biochemical characterization demonstrates that MDGA1 and MDGA2 proteins are highly glycosylated and that MDGA1 is tethered to the cell membrane by a GPI anchor. The MDGAs are differentially expressed by subpopulations of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, including neurons of the basilar pons, inferior olive, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, spinal cord, and dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. The similarity of MDGAs to other Ig-containing molecules and their temporal-spatial patterns of expression within restricted neuronal populations, for example migrating pontine neurons and D1 spinal interneurons, suggest a role for these novel proteins in regulating neuronal migration, as well as other aspects of neural development, including axon guidance.

C12orf53 is mainly expressed in adult brain and cerebellum. It also can be detected in fetal brain and virtually no expression in spleen, heart, kidney, liver and dorsal ganglion relative to brain. C12orf53 acts as a ligand for PILRA in neural tissues, where it may be involved in immune regulation. Chromosome 12 encodes over 1,100 genes within 132 million bases. A number of skeletal deformities are linked to chromosome 12 including hypochondrogenesis, achondrogenesis and Kniest dysplasia. Noonan syndrome, which includes heart and facial developmental defects among the primary symptoms, is caused by a mutant form of PTPN11 gene product, SH-PTP2. Chromosome 12 is also home to a homeobox gene cluster which encodes crucial transcription factors for morphogenesis, and the natural killer complex gene cluster encoding C-type lectin proteins which mediate the NK cell response to MHC class I interaction.

Interleukin-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) is a newly identified type I cytokine receptor, that is related to gp130, the common receptor of the interleukin (IL) -6 family cytokines. IL-31RA forms a functional receptor complex for IL-31 together with the beta subunit of oncostatin M receptor (OSMRbeta). OSMRbeta is expressed in a subset of small-sized nociceptive neurons of adult dorsal root ganglia (DRGs).IL-31 and OSM may thus have redundant functions in the development of OSMRbeta-expressing neurons. IL-31RA Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 20-519, hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 83.8 kDa and the accession number is Q8NI17-1.

Neuritin 1 (NRN1) is a member of the neuritin family. Neuritin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein induced by neural activity. It is expressed in postmitotic-differentiating neurons of the developing nervous system and a population of small-diameter neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and was anterogradely and retrogradely transported. Neuritin message is induced by neuronal activity and by the activity-regulated neurotrophins BDNF, nerve growth factor (NGF), and NT-3. Purified recombinant neuritin promotes neurite outgrowth and arborization in primary embryonic hippocampal and cortical cultures. Thus, neuritin is considered as a downstream effector of activity-induced neurite outgrowth. In clinical, neuritin levels in diabetes were reduced in both dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve of rats, and these deficits were reversed in vivo by treatment with NGF. This manipulation of neuritin levels in diabetes may provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention in the management of neuropathy.

Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 (Cdkl2) is a member of cdc2-related serine / threonine protein kinase family and it is found expressed in various brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, entorinal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal thalamus. The high expression in these brain regions suggests that Cdkl2 may have functions in congnition and emotion processes. Cdkl2 accumulates primarily in the cytoplasm, with lower levels in the nucleus.

TWSG1 belongs to the twisted gastrulation protein family. TWSG1 from different species are functionally equivalent. In contrast to Drosophila where TWSG1 expression is limited to early embryos, expression of TWSG1 is found throughout mouse and human development. Mutations in the TWSG1 gene cause at least some of the cells on the dorsal half of the embryo to adopt more ventral cell fates. This is thought to involve gradients of the signaling molecule decapentaplegic. TWSG1 may function as a bone morphogenetic protein signalling agonist or antagonize these activities. It can dislodge latent bone morphogenetic proteins and thus provides a permissive signal that allows high BMP signaling in the embryo. TWSG1 is a cofactor in the antagonism of chordin to BMP signaling. It also binds both the vertebrate Decapentaplegic ortholog BMP4 and chordin and forms ternary complexes. Meanwhile, TWSG1 increases binding of chordin to BMP4, potentiates the ability of chordin to induce secondary axes in Xenopus embryos, and enhances chordin cleavage by vertebrate proteases related to tolloid at a site poorly used in the absence of TWSG1. The presence of TWSG1 enhances the secondary axis-inducing activity of 2 products of chordin cleavage.

Ninjurin-1, also known as NINJ1, is a member of the Ninjurin family of transmembrane (TM) proteins. It is expressed in CD19(+) CD10(+) B-cell progenitor cells and higher levels in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Ninjurin-1 is expressed also in some other adult and embryonic tissues, predominantly in epithelial cells. Its expression is upregulated after axotomy in neurons and Schwann cells surrounding the distal nerve segment. Upregulated expression of ninjurin-1 has been identified as a marker of minimal residual disease in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It mediates homophilic adhesion and promotes neurite extension of dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. Ninjurin-1 has been found to show a high expression level in the liver tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and this seems to be associated with cases of cirrhosis and chronic viral hepatitis. It has been reported that NINJURIN increases p21 expression and induces cellular senescence in human hepatoma cells.

Interleukin-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) is a newly identified type I cytokine receptor, that is related to gp130, the common receptor of the interleukin (IL) -6 family cytokines. IL-31RA forms a functional receptor complex for IL-31 together with the beta subunit of oncostatin M receptor (OSMRbeta). OSMRbeta is expressed in a subset of small-sized nociceptive neurons of adult dorsal root ganglia (DRGs).IL-31 and OSM may thus have redundant functions in the development of OSMRbeta-expressing neurons. IL-31RA Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 20-519, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 58.2 kDa and the accession number is Q8NI17-1.