endometriosis

Linzagolix choline is an orally available non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. It can be used to study pain associated with uterine fibroids and endometriosis.

ENMD-1068 HCl (ENMD 1068) is a PAR-2 antagonist. ENMD-1068 HCl inhibits the development of endometriosis in a mouse model.

PF-02413873 is a competitive antagonist of nonsteroidal progesterone receptor with a Ki of 2.6 nM. PF-02413873 can be used in studies about the treatment of gynecological conditions such as endometriosis.

Opigolix (ASP-1707) is an orally available gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist for the study of endometriosis-related pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and uterine fibroids.

Norethindrone (Norethisterone) is a synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.

Norethynodrel (Lynestrol) is a synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and endometriosis. As a contraceptive, it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.

Histrelin (Supprelin LA) acetate is a nonapeptide analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with added potency. It is considered a GnRH agonist. Histrelin is used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate in men and uterine fibroids in women.

Steroid sulfatase/17β-HSD1-IN-5 serves as an irreversible inhibitor of steroid sulfatase (STS) and a reversible, selective inhibitor of 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type1 (17β-HSD1), exhibiting IC50 values of 43 nM for 17β-HSD1 and 6.2μM for 17β-HSD2. This compound is utilized in research related to metabolic diseases, particularly endometriosis [1].

Leuprolide (1-3) is a manufactured version of a hormone used to treat prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and early puberty.

Gestrinone (R 2323) is a synthetic androgen receptor agonist and ER and progesterone receptor antagonist used to treat endometriosis. It inhibits leiomyoma cells with an IC50 of 43.67 μM.

Steroid sulfatase/17β-HSD1-IN-4 (compound 37) is a potent dual inhibitor of steroid sulfatase ( STS ) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ( 17β HSD1 ). Steroid sulfatase/17β-HSD1-IN-4 irreversibly inhibits hSTS activity (IC50= 63 nM). Steroid sulfatase/17β-HSD1-IN-4 has research value in endometriosis and other estrogen-dependent diseases.

Steroid sulfatase/17β-HSD1-IN-3 (compound 19) is a dual inhibitor of steroid sulfatase (STS) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β HSD1). Steroid sulfatase/17β-HSD1-IN-3 can be used to study endometriosis and other estrogen-dependent diseases.

Triptorelin, a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2), is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) used as the acetate or pamoate salts. By causing constant stimulation of the pituitary, it decreases pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Like other GnRH agonists, triptorelin may be used in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers such as prostate cancer or breast cancer, precocious puberty, estrogen-dependent conditions (such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids), and in assisted reproduction. It is also used as therapy for gender identity disorder.

ENMD-1068 hydrochloride, a selective protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) antagonist, inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling, thereby reducing hepatic stellate cell activation and collagen expression. It also suppresses the proliferation of endometrial cells and triggers apoptosis in epithelial lesion cells. This compound is utilized in researching endometriosis and liver fibrosis [1] [2].

Norethindrone Acetate-2,2,4,6,6,10-d6 is a deuterated compound of Norethindrone Acetate. Norethindrone Acetate has a CAS number of 51-98-9. Norethindrone acetate is an oestrogen with inhibitory effects on adolescent menstruation and hepatic adenomas and is often used in combination with progestins in the study of endometriosis.

Norethindrone acetate (19-Norethindroneacetate) is an oestrogen with inhibitory effects on adolescent menstruation and hepatic adenomas and is often used in combination with progestins in the study of endometriosis.

Ozarelix is a fourth generation GnRH antagonist, induces apoptosis in hormone refractory androgen receptor negative prostate cancer cells modulating expression and activity of death receptors. Mechanistically, LHRH antagonists exert rapid inhibition of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone with an accompanying rapid decrease in sex hormones and would therefore be expected to be effective in a variety of hormonally dependent disease states including ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, uterine myoma and endometriosis. BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate that is caused by testosterone. Unlike LHRH agonists, ozarelix has the potential to reduce testosterone just enough to reduce both prostate size and symptoms without the severe side effects associated with a reduction in testosterone.

Relugolix (RVT-601) is an orally available, non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)) antagonist, with potential antineoplastic activity. Relugolix competitively binds to and blocks the GnRH receptor in the anterior pituitary gland, which both prevents GnRH binding to the GnRH receptor and inhibits the secretion and release of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In males, the inhibition of LH secretion prevents the release of testosterone from Leydig cells in the testes. Since testosterone is required to sustain prostate growth, reducing testosterone levels may inhibit hormone-dependent prostate cancer cell proliferation.

Steroid sulfatase-IN-4 (Compound 16) is an irreversible inhibitor of steroid sulfatase (STS) that acts on human STS (IC50: 25 nM). steroid sulfatase-IN-4 can be used to study endometriosis.

Dienogest (STS 557) is an orally-active, semisynthetic, fourth generation, nonethinylated progestogen with antiproliferative, antiandrogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities that is used in hormone therapy and as a female contraceptive.

Norethindrone-2,2,4,6,6,10-d6 is a deuterated compound of Norethindrone. Norethindrone has a CAS number of 68-22-4. Norethindrone is a synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.

Norethindrone (Ethynyl-13C2) is the 13C labeled compound of Norethindrone. Norethindrone has a CAS number of 68-22-4. Norethindrone is a synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.

GnRH antagonist 2 (formula I) is a potent GnRH receptor antagonist with valuable applications in endometriosis research[1].

Nafarelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) which acts as an analog of GnRH. Nafarelin increases the release of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary, which in turn leads to an increase of estrogen/progesterone. When administered, Nafarelin has the purpose of causing increase estrogen that will negatively feed back upon hypothalamus to decrease GnRH ( negative feedback loop ) Through negative feedback, Nafarelin causes a decrease in pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Nafarelin may be used in the treatment of estrogen-dependent conditions (such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids), to treat central precocious puberty, and to control ovarian stimulation in IVF. It is normally delivered via a nasal spray. Nafarelin acetate is marketed by Searle (now part of Pfizer) under the brand name Synarel.

Linzagolix is a small-molecule, non-peptide, orally active gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH antagonist) which is under development by Kissei Pharmaceutical and ObsEva for the treatment of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. As of December 2020, it is under review for approval for uterine fibroids, is in phase III clinical trials for endometriosis, and is in phase II clinical studies for adenomyosis.