(R)-Naproxen, an anti-inflammatory agent, has antipyretic and analgesic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the therapy of acute gout or dysmenorrhea, musculoskeletal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic.

Agouti-related Protein (AGRP) (83-132) Amide (human) is a segment derived from the agouti-related protein (AGRP), abundantly present in the hypothalamus' arcuate nucleus. It predominantly functions as an inverse agonist for the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), thereby promoting food intake [1] [2].

URAT1 inhibitor 7 is a novel and potent inhibitor of the human uric acid transporter protein URAT1 (IC50:12 nM).URAT1 inhibitor 7 inhibits CYP2C9 with an IC50 of 4.2 μM.URAT1 inhibitor 7 can be used to study hyperuricemia and gout.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-10 (XO8 analog) is a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor for the study of gout.

Amflutizole used for the treatment of gout, and is a Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Lingdolinurad is a uric acid transporter protein inhibitor targeting hURAT1 for the study of hyperuricemia or gout.

Tigulixostat (LC350189) is a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) that reduces uric acid production and may be used in studies of gout-related diseases.

LT052, a highly active and selective BET BD1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 87.7 nM, demonstrates nanomolar BRD4 BD1 potency and significant selectivity, being 138-fold more selective for BRD4 BD1 over BRD4 BD2 (IC50 =12.130 μM). Its anti-inflammatory properties make it a potential candidate for acute gout arthritis research [1].

Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) is a neuropeptide produced in the brain by the AgRP/NPY neuron. It is only synthesized in NPY containing cell bodies located in the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. The appetite-stimulating effect

Graveobioside A can be used in hyperuricemia and gout-resistant drugs or health foods.

Sulfinpyrazone (NSC-75925) is a uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.

Deoxybenzoin (2-Phenylacetophenone) is used to target immune sensors and xanthine oxidase. It is used for the treatment of gout.

Canakinumab (ACZ885) is a recombinant human IL-1β-targeting monoclonal antibody.Canakinumab has been shown to inhibit human and chorioallantoic monkey IL-1β, with IC50 values of 43.6 and 40.8 pM, respectively.Canakinumab has anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases by neutralizing IL-1β signaling. Canakinumab has anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases by neutralizing IL-1β signaling.Canakinumab has been used for the treatment of gout and coronary artery disease.

Lesinurad (RDEA594) is a selective inhibitor of uric acid reabsorption which is used in combination with other agents in the therapy of gout. Lesinurad has had a limited clinical use but has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent liver injury.

Purine (7H-Imidazo(4,5-d)pyrimidine) is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Two of the bases in nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are purines. Purines from food (or from tissue turnover) are metabolised by several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, into uric acid. High levels of uric acid can predispose to gout when the acid crystalises in joints; this phenomenon only happens in humans and some animal species (e.g. dogs) that lack an intrinsic uricase enzyme that can further degrade uric acid.

Febuxostat 67M-4 is a derivative compound of Febuxostat 67M-1 which is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It reduces uric acid production in the body and reduces the risk of gout or kidney stone formation.

LSPN451 is an effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor and may be used to treat hyperuricemia and gout.

Topiroxostat-d4 is a deuterated compound of Topiroxostat. Topiroxostat has a CAS number of 577778-58-6. Topiroxostat is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor developed for treatment and management of hyperuricemia and gout.

URAT1 inhibitor 2 is an orally active inhibitor of URAT1 and CYP isozyme with IC50 values of 1.36 μM, 16.97 μM and 5.22 μM for URAT1-mediated 14C-UA uptake, CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, respectively, URAT1 inhibitor 2 is a promising drug candidate for the study of hyperuricemia and gout.

Puliginurad (YL-90148) is a potent and selective inhibitor of urate transporter protein (URAT) with inhibitory effects on uric acid reabsorption.Puliginurad can be used for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.

Cinchophen (Cinconal), an analgesic drug, is utilized in treating gout.

Verinurad (RDEA3170) (RDEA3170) is an organic anion transporter URAT1 (SLC22A12) inhibitor for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.

Hesperidin methylchalcone is the Citrus original products with powerful antioxidant activity. It can suppresse experimental gout arthritis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

Febuxostat 67M-1 is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It reduces uric acid production in the body and reduces the risk of gout or kidney stone formation.

Febuxostat hemihydrate is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to treat hyperuricemia and chronic gout.

Oxeglitazar, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, is used potentially for the treatment of gout and type two diabetes.

Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate (Lithium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate) , the active component of Lithium, is a medicine used in the therapy of psychiatric disease. It has shown the effects of signaling pathways and metabolic in the brain based on the particular disease and clinical condition model. According to the reports, Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate was used as a mood stabilizer when treating bipolar mood disorders (BD) and lower the risk of self-harm in BD patient. In addition,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been the choice drug in the therapy of acute manic episodes.Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate also could dissolve uric acid crystals in urine achieved from patients with gout. Besides,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate have some dose-dependent side-effects. The the main side-effects of Lithium Citrate is the tendency to inhibit the prostatic acid phosphatase enzyme (PAP), which result in the accumulation of PAP.

Allopurinol (Zyloric) is a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of allopurinol is as a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor.

Allopurinol Sodium is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.82±0.12 μM.

UNC569 (UNC 569) is a selective inhibitor of URAT1, a transporter in the kidney that regulates uric acid excretion from the body. It is also a selective uric acid re-absorption inhibitor. UNC569 could normalize the amount of uric acid excreted by gout patients previously classified as under-excretors.

Uric acid sodium, scavengers of oxygen radicals, is a potent and common antioxidant that helps maintain stable blood pressure and resist oxidative stress. Uric acid sodium, which removes reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, has an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and is associated with the pathogenesis of gout joint disease and the formation of calcium oxalate stones.

Febuxostat 67M-2 is a derivative compound of Febuxostat 67M-1 which is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It reduces uric acid production in the body and also used to reduce the risk of gout or kidney stone formation.

Erioside (mulberroside B) can antitussive, antiasthmatic, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, treatment of gout.

Epaminurad HCl is a URAT1 inhibitor with partial inhibition of OAT1 and OAT3 (organic anion transporters).Epaminurad HCl is a pro-uric acid excretory agent used for the prevention and treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 (compound 19a) is an orally active and potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase(XO) with an IC 50 of 0.039 μM that can be used in the research of hyperuricemia and gout. Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 shows hypouricemic potency in potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemia rats. [1].

Epaminurad (UR-1102) is an orally active, potent and selective URAT1 (urate transporter 1) inhibitor, with a Ki of 0.057 μM. Epaminurad inhibits OAT1 and OAT3 (organic anion transporter) quite modestly. Epaminurad is a uricosuric agent which can be used for gout and hyperuricemia research [1].

URAT1 inhibitor 1 (1g) is an inhibitor of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) (IC50: 32 nM), has the potential to treat hyperuricemia associated with gout.

Irtemazole (R 60844) is a novel uricosuric substance that is valuable in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.

Topiroxostat (FYX-051) is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor developed for treatment and management of hyperuricemia and gout.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 (compound1h) is a potent andorally active xanthine oxidase(XO) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.36 μM). Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 effectively reduces serum uric acid levels which has the potential in the hyperuricemia and gout research [1].

Tisopurine is a drug used in the treatment of gout in some countries. It reduces uric acid production through inhibiting an early stage in its production.

Tetrahydroamentoflavone is a potent XO inhibitor (IC50 = 92 nM, Ki = 982 nM) with anti-inflammatory effects. Tetrahydroamentoflavone can be used for studies about inflammation and gout.

Febuxostat (TEI 6720) is a xanthine oxidase Inhibitor.

Angelic Acid ((Z)-2-Methylbut-2-enoic acid) is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid. Angelic acid esters are the active components of herbal medicine used against a wide range of various health disturbances including pains, fever, gout, heartburn, etc.

URAT1 Inhibitor 8 (example 247) serves as a highly potent inhibitor of URAT1, demonstrating an IC50 value of 0.001 μM. It is applicable in the study of gout [1].

Febuxostat (TEI 6720) sodium has the potential in gout and hyperuricemia research which is a potent, selective and non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO) with a Ki value of 0.6 nM [1] [2] [3].

URAT1 inhibitor 3 is a potent, orally active, selective inhibitor of URAT1(IC 50 = 0.8 nM). URAT1 inhibitor 3 shows urate-lowering efficacy that can be used in gout and hyperuricemi research [1].