granulocyte

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic, monocytes/ macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has a functional role on non-hematopoitic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines.

CD131 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50 kDa and the accession number is P32927-1.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.9 kDa and the accession number is P48750.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a growth factor and an essential cytokine which belongs to the IL-6 superfamily. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. G-CSF binding to its receptor G-CSF-R which belongs to the cytokine receptor type I family depends on the interaction of alpha-helical motifs of the former and two fibronectin type III as well as an immunoglobulin-like domain of the latter. G-CSF is a cytokine that have been demonstrated to improve cardiac function and perfusion in myocardial infarction. And it was initially evaluated as a stem cell mobilizer and erythropoietin as a cytoprotective agent.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41 kDa and the accession number is P04141.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.9 kDa and the accession number is P04141.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 13.10 kDa and the accession number is P01587.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43 kDa and the accession number is P48750.

G-CSF Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 18.7 kDa and the accession number is P09919-2.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Human, Recombinant, Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 14.5 kDa and the accession number is P04141.

GM-CSFR alpha Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61.2 kDa and the accession number is P15509-1.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 14.5 kDa and the accession number is P04141.

CD131 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 75.1 kDa and the accession number is Q78ZF5.

G-CSF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 19 kDa and the accession number is P09920.

Chemokine (C-X-C-Motif) Ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is a potent neutrophil chemotactic and activating factor and it exhibits extensive similarity to other CXC chemokines such as IL-8 and ENA-78. CXCL6 can promote the release of MMP-9 from granulocytes indicating its potential role as an inflammatory mediator. It functionally uses both of the IL-8/CXCL8 receptors to chemoattract neutrophils but that is structurally most related to epithelial cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78 (ENA-78)/CXCL5. The human CXCL6 gene has been cloned and is physically mapped to the CXC chemokine locus on chromosome 4. Mature human CXCL6 is a 75 amino acid (aa) protein with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 8 kDa. Human CXCL6 shares 60% and 67% aa identity with mouse and bovine CXCL6, respectively.

G-CSF Protein, Canine, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

G-CSF Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.4 kDa and the accession number is P09919-2.

CSF3R/G-CSFR Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 93.3 kDa and the accession number is Q99062-1.

GM-CSFR alpha Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36 kDa and the accession number is P15509-1.

CSF3R/G-CSFR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 68 kDa and the accession number is Q99062-1.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 42.5 kDa and the accession number is P01587.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 14.1 kDa and the accession number is P01587.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM-1) is the major antigen of the CD66 cluster of granulocyte differentiation antigens. The present study aimed to assess the biological function of CEACAM-1 on the growth of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro. CEACAM1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 35-428, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.7 kDa and the accession number is P31809-1.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), also known as pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor 1 (PBEF1) or visfatin, is an enzyme belonging to the family of glycosyltransferases, to be specific, the pentosyltransferases. This enzyme participates in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. This enzyme catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5- phosphoribosyl-1- pyrophosphate to yield nicotinamide mononucleotide, one step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAMPT is also considered as an essential enzyme mediating granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-triggered granulopoiesis in healthy individuals and individuals with severe congenital neutropenia. Intracellular NAMPT and NAD+amounts in myeloid cells, as well as plasma NAMPT and NAD+levels, were increased by G-CSF treatment of both healthy volunteers and individuals with congenital neutropenia.

The Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) receptor, a member of the hematopoietin cytokine receptor superfamily, functions as a homodimer and requires the recruitment of cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) to transduce its signal.

Granulocyte orphan receptor that acts as an trigger efficient phagocytosis of attached particles. CEACAM4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.7 kDa and the accession number is O75871.

Granulocyte orphan receptor that acts as an trigger efficient phagocytosis of attached particles. CEACAM4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 14.7 kDa and the accession number is O75871.

The glia maturation factor gamma (GMFG) is a cytokine-responsive protein in erythropoietin-induced and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-induced hematopoietic lineage development. It may mediate the pluripotentiality and lineage commitment of human hematopoietic stem cells. GMFG expression independently predicts poorer prognosis in patients with EOC. Ectopic overexpression of GMFG contributes to the malignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells.

CeACAM3 (CD66d), a member of carcinoembryonic antigen family, is a granulocyte-specific receptor involved in the opsonin-independent recognition of several bacterial pathogens. There are four members in this family: CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d. Members of CEACAM family are widely expressed especially on human neutrophils, and, depending on the tissue, capable of regulating diverse functions including tumor promotion, tumor suppression, angiogenesis, and neutrophil activation. Abnormal overexpression and downregulation of some CEACAMs have been described in tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies grouped in the CD66 cluster recognize CEACAM members. Ectopic CD66 expression is commonly detected in B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). CEACAM3 mediates phagocytosis depends on the integrity of an ITAM-like sequence within the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM3. CEACAM3 is characterized by rapid stimulation of the GTPase Rac.

LRG1 is a secreted protein and contains eight LRR repeats and one LRRCT domain, It can be expressed during granulocyte differentiation. LRG1 has been shown to be involved in protein-protein interaction, signal transduction, cell adhesion and development. Levels of the LRG protein are markedly elevated in acute appendicitis and therefore could be used as a diagnostic aid.

The human granulocyte-specific receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)3 is critically involved in the opsonin-independent recognition of several bacterial pathogens. CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis depends on the integrity of an ITAM-like sequence within the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM3 and is characterized by rapid stimulation of the GTPase Rac.

Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fes/Fps, also known as Proto-oncogene c-Fes, Proto-oncogene c-Fps, Feline sarcoma oncogene, FES and FPS, is a protein which contains oneFCH domain, oneprotein kinase domain and oneSH2 domain. FES is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase expressed in hematopoietic progenitors and differentiated myeloid cells. FES is observed in the nuclear, granular and plasma membrane fractions of primary human neutrophils and the myeloid leukemia cell line, HL-6. The nuclear localization is confirmed by immunocytochemistry of neutrophils. FES has been implicated in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and erythropoietin signal transduction. FES has tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity and that activity is required for maintenance of cellular transformation. FES is also involved in normal hematopoiesis. Its chromosomal location has linked it to a specific translocation event identified in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM-1) is the major antigen of the CD66 cluster of granulocyte differentiation antigens. The present study aimed to assess the biological function of CEACAM-1 on the growth of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro. CEACAM1 Protein, Canine, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.62 kDa and the accession number is XP_038509497.1.

Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a member of a family of human growth factors that includes human growth hormone, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and other growth factors. IL-11 is a thrombopoietic growth factor that directly stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells and induces megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production. It also promotes the proliferation of hepatocytes in response to liver damage. Binding to its receptor formed by IL6ST and either IL11RA1 or IL11RA2, It activates a signaling cascade that promotes cell proliferation. The signaling leads to the activation of intracellular protein kinases and the phosphorylation of STAT3.

TNFRSF11B is a secreted protein, containing 2 death domains and 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. TNFRSF11B is a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). By binding RANKL, TNFRSF11B inhibits nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) which is a central and rapid acting transcription factor for immune-related genes, and a key regulator of inflammation, innate immunity, and cell survival and differentiation. TNFRSF11B levels are influenced by voltage-dependent calcium channelsCav1.2. TNFRSF11B can reduce the production of osteoclasts by inhibiting the differentiation of osteoclast precursors (osteoclasts are related to monocytes/macrophages and are derived from granulocyte/macrophage-forming colony units (CFU-GM)) into osteoclasts and also regulates the resorption of osteoclasts in vitroand in vivo. TNFRSF11B binding to RANKL on osteoblast/stromal cells, blocks the RANKL-RANK ligand interaction between osteoblast/stromal cells and osteoclast precursors. This has the effect of inhibiting the differentiation of the osteoclast precursor into a mature osteoclast.

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a glycoprotein belonging to the interleukin-6 family of cytokines that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6. OSM encodes a growth regulator, which Inhibits the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines. It stimulates proliferation of AIDS-KS cells. OSM regulates cytokine production, including IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF from endothelial cells. OSM is considered as a pleiotropic cytokine that initiates its biological activities through specific cell surface receptors. The low affinity LIF receptor that shares the similarity of containing protein gp130 has now been identified to be a component of a high- affinity OSM receptor that will transduce OSM signals. OSM has also been shown to play a role in both pro and anti-inflammatory actions. OSM may also be involved in many biometabolism processes including liver development, haematopoeisis, inflammation, bone formation and destruction and possibly CNS development.