(R)-MG-132 (Z-Leu-D-leu-leu-al) is the enantiomer of MG-132. (R)-MG-132 stereoisomer is a more potent proteasome inhibitor than MG-132.

E-2078, known chemically as (N-Me-Tyr1,N-Me-Arg7,D-Leu-NHEt8)-Dynorphin A (1-8), is a stable analog of Dynorphin A (1–8) and functions as a kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist [1].

Suc-Leu-Tyr-AMC Acetate inhibited casein decomposition at high concentrations.

Daaccal can be used for relevant research in the life sciences. Its product number is T31173 and CAS number is 103614-06-8.

Tnrnflrfamide is a SCP (small cardioactive peptide)-like peptide found in lobster neurons; exhibits FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity.

Acetyl Angiotensinogen (1-14), porcine Acetate is a peptide with the sequence AC-ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE-HIS-PRO-PHE-HIS-LEU-LEU-VAL-TYR-SER-OH. The protein encoded by the Angiotensinogen gene is known as pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor.

Cadherin Peptide, avian Acetate is a peptide with the sequence Leu-Arg-Ala-His-Ala-Val-Asp-Val-Asn-Gly-NH2. Cadherins are a class of type-1 transmembrane proteins.

Mastoparan acetate is a peptide toxin from wasp venom. It has the chemical structure Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ile-Leu-NH2.

N-Formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys TFA (For-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys-OH (TFA)) (For-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys-OH TFA) is a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonist[1].Potent chemoattractant for human neutrophils.Radioiodinated molecule has full biological activity.

[D-Ala2] Leu-Enkephalinamide, an enkephalin analog, exhibits significant corneal permeability and analgesic properties, making it suitable for ocular disease research [1] [2].

D-Val-Leu-Lys-chloromethylketone, a tripeptide, functions as an anticoagulant [1].

NIC3 is a selective nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 (NAC1) inhibitor,with anti-cancer activity.

GLF (H-Gly-Leu-Phe-OH), a tripeptide isolated from α-lactalbumin with immunostimulatory properties, prevents alopecia, epidermal thickening, and adipocyte layer thinning induced by the anticancer agent Etoposide [1].

The sPLA2-IIA Inhibitor is a cyclic pentapeptide analog of FLSYK, specifically cyclic 2-Nal-Leu-Ser-2-Nal-Arg (c2), which interacts with human IIA phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) to impede its ester bond hydrolyzing function. As part of the esterase superfamily, sPLA2 enzymatically cleaves the sn-2 ester bond in glycerophospholipids, releasing arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids[1].

[Leu27]-Melan-A, MART-1 (26-35), is a biologically active peptide modified by substituting leucine for alanine at position 27, which enhances its HLA-A*0201 binding, immunogenicity, and antigenicity compared to the natural peptide. Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, arising from the spontaneous cyclization of glutamine (Q) or glutamic acid (E) at the N-terminus, are a recognized subset of peptides that may confer increased stability due to the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu. These pGlu peptides are typically included during peptide purity assessments in HPLC analysis.

H-Leu-Leu-Ala-OH, a tripeptide consisting of two L-leucine residues linked to L-alanine via peptide bonds, exhibits antioxidant activities [1].

Hymenistatin I, a cyclic octapeptide [c-(-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Val-Pro-Leu-Ile-Ile-Ile-)], exhibits immunosuppressive effects on both humoral and cellular immune responses [1].

Semzuvolimab, a murine IgG1κ antibody, targets the p55 T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3 (CD4). It has demonstrated capabilities to neutralize HIV infection and may inhibit HIV in patients on stable highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [1] [2].

Ac-DNLD-CHO (Ac-Asp-Asn-Leu-Asp-CHO) is an inhibitor of Caspase-3/7, exhibiting IC50 values of 9.89 nM and 245 nM, and approximate Ki values of 0.68 nM and 55.7 nM, respectively. This compound is utilized in the study of diseases associated with caspase-mediated apoptosis, including neurodegenerative and viral infection diseases [1].

Z-Leu-Arg-AMC, a carboxybenzoyl (Z) leucine derivative featuring a 4-methylcoumarinyl-7-amide (AMC), serves as the active site for the cysteine proteinase trypanopain-Tb in Trypanosoma brucei brucei [1].

Preptin, an osteogenic peptide derived from pancreatic beta-cells, spans amino acids Asp 69 to Leu 102 within pro-IGF-II [1].

Z-Gly-Pro-Phe-Leu-CHO (Z-GPFL-CHO) is a tetrapeptide aldehyde serving as a selective and potent proteasome inhibitor, demonstrating inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.5 µM, 2.3 µM, and 40.5 µM for branched-chain amino acid-preferred, small neutral amino acid-preferred, and chymotrypsin-like activities, respectively, and an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.1 µM for peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing activity [1].

Hippuryl-His-Leu-OH serves as a substrate to measure angiotensin I converting enzyme activity. Upon its cleavage, the resultant His-Leu moiety reacts with o-phthaldialdehyde or Fluorescamine, facilitating fluorescence detection [1] [2] [3].

Z-Leu-Leu-Tyr-COCHO is a potent inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like activity, exhibiting a Ki value of 3.0 nM [1].

8-Bromo NAD+ serves as a prodrug for the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) inhibitor, 8-bromo cADPR, undergoing conversion to its active form by the enzyme CD38. At a concentration of 1 mM, it effectively inhibits the rise in intracellular calcium levels and chemotaxis triggered by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) in mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils. Furthermore, when applied at 100 µM, this compound reduces LPS-induced nitrite production and decreases the secretion of TNF-α and IL-2 in mouse primary microglial cells.

Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Trp) is a diketopiperazine metabolite initially derived from Penicillium, exhibiting antibacterial (MICs = 125-1000 µg/ml) and antifungal activities (MICs = 8-64 µg/ml). It also demonstrates antioxidant properties by reducing the production of hydroxy radicals, as evidenced in an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy assay (IC50 = 1.8 µM). Additionally, Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Trp) has been identified as a bitter compound capable of quickly crossing rat taste cell membranes ex vivo at a 1 mM concentration. Furthermore, it acts as a melatonin receptor agonist in X. laevis melanophores, suppressing cAMP accumulation at a 20 µM concentration, with this effect being negated by the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole.

Substance P (alligator), a neuropeptide derived from alligator, possesses a primary structure delineated as Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 [1].

N-Myristoyl-Lys-Arg-Thr-Leu-Arg is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 value of 75 μM. It effectively inhibits IL-2 receptor induction and IL-2 production in the human leukemic cell line Jurkat [1].

[D-Leu-4]-OB3 suppresses the expression of genes associated with inflammation, proliferation, and metastasis, as well as the expression of PD-L1. Additionally, it promotes the expression of genes that induce apoptosis [1].

BMS986187 is a novel Potent and Selective Positive Allosteric Modulators of the delta-Opioid Receptor.

Z-Leu-Tyr-Chloromethylketone is a calpain inhibitor [1].

N-Boc-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe (Boc-FLFLF) (Boc-FLFLF) is a formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) antagonist, which increases pain effects and inhibits antinociceptive activity of annexin. Boc-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe is used extensively in FPR research.

Suc-Ala-Leu-Pro-Phe-pNA (Suc-ALPF-pNA), a substrate for FK-506 binding protein (FKBP) [1], showcases the intricate interactions necessary for specific biochemical assays.

(D-Phe6,Leu-NHEt13,des-Met14)-Bombesin (6-14), a bombesin (BBN) antagonist, holds potential for cancer research applications [1].

{Boc}-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe TFA is a selective antagonist of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family, effectively inhibiting actions mediated by FPR [1].

H-Leu-Ser-Lys-Leu-OH (LSYL), a latency-associated peptide located at the amino terminus of LAP, exhibits an inhibitory effect on TGF-β1 activation. By binding with KRFK, it obstructs TGF-β1 signal transduction, thereby inhibiting the advancement of hepatic damage and fibrosis [1].

Adrenomedullin (AM) (1-12), human, is a peptide with the sequence Tyr-Arg-Gln-Ser-Met-Asn-Asn-Phe-Gln-Gly-Leu-Arg. Adrenomedullin (AM) (1-12), human, was initially identified as a vasodilator, and as such, it has the ability to relax vascular tone. Other

Glycoprotein B is a peptide with the sequence H2N-Ser-Ser-Ile-Glu-Phe-Ala-Arg-Leu-OH, MW= 922.04. glycoprotein B is a viral glycoprotein that is involved in the viral cell entry of Herpes simplex virus. The herpesvirus glycoprotein B is the most highly c

o-Phenanthroline monohydrate (1, 10-Phenanthroline monohydrate) is an inhibitor of metallopeptidases, inhibits zinc-dependent hydrolysis of Fa-Gly-Leu-NH2 by B. subtilis neutral protease and B. thermoproteolyticus thermolysin.

WT-1 A1 is an attractive target for immunotherapy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Ac-Leu-Val-Lys-Aldehyde is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin B, exhibiting inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4 nM. It notably diminishes cell death in the striatum induced by quinolinic acid and leads to the accumulation of LC3-II [1].

Ac-Leu-Leu-Norleucinol (ALLN), a calpain inhibitor, is employed in the research of Acetaminophen-induced acute liver damage. It effectively reduces levels of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (AST) [1].

H-Leu-Trp-Met-Arg-OH, a tetrapeptide, serves as a substrate for studies on aminopeptidase-mediated hydrolysis [1].

Z-Leu-Osu is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66765 and the CAS number is 3397-35-1.

Ac-PLVE-FMK (Ac-Pro-Leu-Val-Glu(OMe)-CH2F), a tetrapeptidyl fluoromethylketone (FMKs), serves as a cathepsin inhibitor. It is utilized in cancer research [1].

Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 is a C-terminal tripeptide of Substance P ( Substance P ). Substance P is a neuropeptide [1] .

Lys-Arg-Thr-Leu-Arg-Arg (KRTLRR), a hexapeptide, serves as a substrate for protein kinase C associated with the EGF receptor and facilitates the determination of the enzyme's activity [1].

SCH-42354 is a potent, orally active inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), serving as the active form of the prodrug SCH-42495. By inhibiting NEP hydrolysis, SCH-42354 enhances the activity of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and prevents the hydrolysis of leu-enkephalin and ANF with IC50 values of 8.3 nM and 10.0 nM, respectively. Furthermore, SCH-42354 exhibits antihypertensive activity [1] [2].

Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-LLL-FMK) functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor and has been shown to impede SARS infection. Furthermore, it affords protection to mice when challenged with T. crassiceps [1] [2].

SPDP-C6-Gly-Leu-NHS ester is a cleavable linker employed in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

Mastoparan is a peptide toxin from wasp venom. It has the chemical structure Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ile-Leu-NH2.