VBIT-4 is a voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) oligomerization inhibitor (Kd: 17 μM). VBIT-4 can be used for therapeutic purposes in apoptosis-associated disorders (such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases).

Gastrodin (Gastrodine), an anti-inflammatory polyphenol, is extracted from Chinese natural herbal Gastrodia elata Blume. and benefits neurodegenerative diseases.

Paliroden is a non-peptide compound that can be taken orally and is used for supplementing neuro-nutrition. It stimulates the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophic factors and is employed in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

TNF/IFNγ-IN-1 (TGA) is a dual inhibitor of TNF and IFN-γ. TNF/IFNγ-IN-1 has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer.

(S)-OSMI 3 (Ent-OSMI-3) has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activity and can be used to study diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.

IND24 has anti-prion activity and can be used to study neurodegenerative diseases.

1,1'-(Heptane-1,7-diyl)diguanidine dihydrochloride is a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). It is used in studies of stem cell differentiation, tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.

CB2R/FAAH modulator-2 (compound 26) is a dual modulator targeting at CB2R and FAAH. CB2R/FAAH modulator-2 acts as a CB2R agonist and FAAH inhibitor, the Ki values are 10.8 and 152.9 nM for CB2R and CB1R, respectively, and the IC50 value for FAAH is 6.2 μM. CB2R/FAAH modulator-2 has studies research value related to cancer, deleterious inflammatory cascades occurring in neurodegenerative diseases, and COVID-19 infection.

SIB 1553A is an orally available and selective agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are subtype-selective ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.SIB-1553A is a cognitive enhancer that may be used in the study of neurodegenerative-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

OsMundacetone (4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one) is a natual product isolated from Rhizoma osmundae.

TREM2 agonist-2 (I-192) is an orally active and potent myeloid triggered receptor 2 (TREM2) agonist for the study of neurodegenerative diseases.

GSK3-IN-2 is a potent GSK3 inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.

(3aR,9aR)-Fluparoxan is a highly selective and potent adrenergic receptor α2B antagonist for the prevention, amelioration or treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

5-[(1S,2S)-2-[(Cyclopropylmethyl)amino]cyclopropyl]-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)thiophene-3-carboxamide hydrochloride is a cyclopropanoid enzyme compound that acts as a lysine-specific demethylase-1 inhibitor for schizophrenia, developmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.

DSS30 is a P25/CDK5 inhibitor.DSS30 acts by inhibiting the phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACEl), which reduces the secretion of β-amyloid (Aβ).DSS30 can be used for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

Fluparoxan hydrochloride is a highly selective and potent α2-adrenoceptor antagonist for the prevention, amelioration or treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

AKOS037652256 can be used as a TRPML modulator for the treatment of diseases associated with TRPML activity such as lysosomal accumulation disorders, muscular dystrophy, common age-related neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related diseases and ageing.

DCPLA-ME (2-[(2-Pentylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropaneoctanoic acid methyl ester) is the methyl ester form of DCPLA and can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. It is an effective PKCε activator.

LMP7-IN-1 may used in the research of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, proliferative diseases and cancer, is an inhibitor of immunoproteasome (LMP7).

VU0359595 (ML-270) is a potent and selective pharmacological phospholipase D1 (PLD1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.7 nM. VU0359595 is >1700-fold selective for PLD1 over PLD2 (IC50 of 6.4 μM). VU0359595 can be used for the research of cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases.

ROCK-IN-5 (compound I-B-37) is a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, including ROCK, ERK, GSK, and AGC. ROCK-IN-5 exhibits the potential for cardiac, proliferative and neurodegenerative diseases research.

Pulchinenoside A (Anemoside A3) is an attractive candidate for further development as a cognitive enhancer capable of alleviating memory dysfunctions associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

TCRS-417 (T417), a small molecule compound, selectively binds to the interface between PBX1 and its specific DNA target sequence, disrupting the PBX1-DNA interaction. This compound has potential research applications in cancer, developmental, inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases [1].

rTRD01 is a TDP-43 ligand that selectively binds to the RRM1 and RRM2 domains of TDP-43, exhibiting a dissociation constant (Kd) of 89 µM for TDP-43 102–269. This compound is capable of partially disrupting the interaction between TDP-43 and the hexanucleotide RNA repeat associated with the c9orf72 gene, which is implicated in certain neurodegenerative diseases. rTRD01 holds potential for use in neurodegenerative disease research [1].

Cis-indatraline hydrochloride (cis-Lu 19-005) is an active compound utilized in the research of neurodegenerative diseases [1].

4,27-Dimethyl withaferin A, a synthetic analog of withanolide natural products, exhibits potential in the study of neurodegenerative diseases[1].

PF-9601N showed high potency and selectivity as a MAO-BI (monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor) and also demonstrated remarkable neuroprotective properties in several in vivo and cellular models of PD.

JH-131e-153, a diacylglycerol (DAG)-lactone, serves as a small molecule activator for the C1 domain of Munc13-1, exhibiting an activation hierarchy of WT>I590≈R592A≈W588A. This compound’s C1 domain shares homology in sequence and structure with protein kinase C (PKC), and its activation preference follows the order of PKCα>Munc13-1>PKCε. JH-131e-153 is implicated in the modulation of neuronal processes and holds potential for research in neurodegenerative diseases [1].

Prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), a derivative of Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), serves as a potent agonist for PGD2 receptors (DP), exhibiting affinity constants (K i) of 0.9 nM and 6.6 nM for hDP and hCRTH2 receptors, respectively. It activates cyclic AMP production with an EC50 of 1.2 nM, induces oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and promotes the accumulation of ubiquitinated (Ub) proteins. Notably, PGJ2's neurotoxic properties are implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) [1] [2] [3] [4].

Pinusolide is a platelet activating factor ( PAF) antagonist, it may prove of therapeutic value in the treatment of hypotension, it has antileukemic potential, and could be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Pinusolide attenuates blockade of insulin signaling by enhancing IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation by the activating the AMPK pathway, indicates the targeting of AMPK represents a new therapeutic strategy for hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Sirtuin modulator 2 (N-(3-(imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-6-yl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide) exhibits antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.

Mz325 serves as a dual inhibitor of both HDAC and Sirt2, exhibiting an IC50 of 9.7 µM against Sirt2, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases [1].

CB2R/FAAH modulator-3 (compound 27) is a modulator targeting at CB2R and FAAH. CB2R/FAAH modulator-3 acts as a CB2R agonist and FAAH inhibitor, the Ki values are 20.1 and 67.6 nM for CB2R and CB1R, respectively, and the IC50 value for FAAH is 3.4 μM. CB2R/FAAH modulator-3 has research value related to cancer, deleterious inflammatory cascades occurring in neurodegenerative diseases, and COVID-19 infection.

Sirtuin Modulator 5, a sirtuin modulating agent, activates SIRT1 with an efficacy marked by a DC50 value of less than 50 μM. It is applicable in enhancing cell longevity and is researched for its therapeutic potential in a wide range of diseases such as those associated with aging or stress, diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, blood clotting disorders, inflammation, cancer, and flushing. Furthermore, it holds promise for conditions that could benefit from boosted mitochondrial activity [1].

5,6-Benzoflavone (β-Naphthoflavone) is an exogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts zinc homeostasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. 5,6-Benzoflavone (β-Naphthoflavone) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, inhibits LPS-induced inflammation through the AKT/Nrf-2/HO-1-NF-kappaB signaling axis, inhibits TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, which can be used to study neurodegenerative diseases.

CD33 Splicing Modulator 1 Hydrochloride (Compound 1) is a myeloid lineage cell surface receptor CD33/Siglec 3 modulator involved in regulating microglia activity. This compound promotes exon 2 skipping in cellular mRNA pools and has research potential in addressing neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease [1].

Ac-DNLD-CHO (Ac-Asp-Asn-Leu-Asp-CHO) is an inhibitor of Caspase-3/7, exhibiting IC50 values of 9.89 nM and 245 nM, and approximate Ki values of 0.68 nM and 55.7 nM, respectively. This compound is utilized in the study of diseases associated with caspase-mediated apoptosis, including neurodegenerative and viral infection diseases [1].

WAY-339495 may have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and can be used to study obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease and stroke.

P7C3-OMe, a pro-neurogenic agent, has therapeutic benefits in neurodegenerative diseases. The R-enantiomer of P7C3-OMe is far more active than the S-enantiomer.

Macranthoside A (Kalopanaxsaponin H) is a triterpenoid glycoside extracted from rehmannia and belongs to the iridoterpenoid synthesis. Macranthoside A has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and neuroprotective activities, inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, helps neutralize harmful free radicals, protects cells from oxidative damage, and promotes the survival and growth of neurons. And prevent neuronal cell death caused by oxidative stress or neurotoxic compounds, which has the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and liver damage.

Casein kinase 1δ-IN-8 is an inhibitor of casein kinase 1δ and is used to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease type.

6,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavanone possesses various pharmacological activities, including anti-rheumatic, anti-ischemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoclastogenic, and protective effects against METH-induced deactivation of T cells. 6,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavanone can be used for studies about the treatment of METH-addicts suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.

ASN04421891 is a potent GPR17 receptor modulator, with an EC 50 of 3.67 nM in [35S]GTPγS binding assay. ASN04421891 is promising to be used for neurodegenerative diseases research[1].

COH1 is a ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibitor utilized in research pertaining to cancer, mitochondrial diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders [1].

Compound 29, also known as 5-LOX-IN-5, is a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 56 nM, utilized in research pertaining to neurodegenerative diseases [1].

Lp-PLA2-IN-14 (Compound 19), an inhibitor of rhLp-PLA2, exhibits a potent inhibitory effect with a pIC50 value of 8.4. This compound is applicable in research pertaining to neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer Disease (AD), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis [1].

Zaloglanstat (ISC-27864) is a potent inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). It is utilized in the research of various conditions, including asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute or chronic pain, and neurodegenerative diseases.

RIPK1-IN-15 (Compound 2.5) is a potent RIPK1 inhibitor that has the potential in neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases research [1].

MIF-IN-1 (compound 14) is a potent inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with pIC50 of 6.87. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with multiple diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders [1].

Lp-PLA2-IN-10 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), formerly known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). This enzyme plays a role in the hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. The compound holds research potential for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis[1].