nk-3

Nkx-3.2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.

Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3 (NCR3) along with NKp44 and NKp46 constitute a group of receptors termed “Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors”. They play a major role in triggering NK-mediated killing of most tumor cells lines. NKp30 is a type I transmembrane protein having a single extracellular V-like immunoglobulin domain. NKp30 is selectively expressed both in resting and activated human NK cells. In addition, NKp30 is also involved in NK-mediated induction of dendritic cell (DC) maturation. It has been demonstrated that NK cell activation signaling specifically induces lytic activity against several tumor cell types and synthesis of new NF-κB dependent proteins during the initiation of cytotoxicity.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody composed of four peptide chains—two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains arranged in a Y-shape typical of antibody monomers.There are four IgG subclasses (IgG1, 2, 3, and 4) in humans, named in order of their abundance in serum. The IgG2a isotype was able to interact very efficiently with FcgammaR, and share approximately 64-78% amino acid sequence identity with IgG1 and IgG2b in the heavy chain constant region domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3, which cause the diffrence in the interaction with complement, NK and mast cells, induction or inhibition by specific cytokines, and ability to cross the placenta.

C-C Motif Chemokine 3 (MIP-1 alpha,CCL3 ) is a member of the beta or CC subfamily of chemokines and is closely related to CCL4/MIP-1 beta. CCL3 expression can be induced in a variety of hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. Mature mouse CCL3 shares 73%, 91%, and 82% amino acid sequence identity with human, rat, and cotton rat CCL3, respectively. CCL3 exerts its biological functions through interactions with CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5. It is cleared from the extracellular space by internalization via the decoy chemokine receptor D6. CCL3 promotes the chemoattraction, adhesion to activated vascular endothelium, and cellular activation of many hematopoietic cell types including activated T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells, and eosinophils. CCL3 is also known as stem cell inhibitor (SCI) and can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. CCL3 bioactivity contributes to tumor metastasis and the inflammatory components of viral infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatitis, although it also can suppress the replication of HIV.

Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F member 1 (KLRF1) is known as NKp80. Human NKp80, a member of the C-type lectin family of proteins (1 - 3), is 231 aa in length with a 38 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic region, a 21 aa transmembrane region, and a 172 aa extracellular domain (ECD). The protein strongly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes and spleen, with weaker expression in lymph node and adult liver, and no expression detected in bone marrow, thymus, and fetal liver. Its' function involved in the natural killer (NK)-mediated cytolysis of PHA-induced lymphoblasts.

Mouse ULBP1, also known as RAET1I and NKG2DL1, is a member of the ULBP/RAET1 gene family. ULBP1 plays an important role in immune responses, especially in cancer and infectious diseases, and is well-known to bind to NKG2D together with at least ULBP 2 and 3. These proteins are distantly related to major histocompatibility class I (MHC I) molecules, possessing the alpha 1 and alpha 2 Ig-like domains, but lacking the alpha 3 domain. Unlike MHC Class I, they have no capacity to bind peptide or interact with beta2-microglobulin. It can activate multiple signaling pathways in primary NK cells, gamma delta T cells, and CD8+ alpha beta T cells, resulting in the production of cytokines and chemokines.ULBP1 is expressed in wide range of tissues including heart, brain, lung, liver, bone marrow and some tumor cells, T-cells, B-cells, As an unconventional member of the MHC class I family, ULBP1 is able to interact with soluble CMV glycoprotein UL16 in CMV infected cells. The interaction with UL16 blocked the interaction with the NKG2D receptor, and thus might escape the immune surveillance. Furthermore, UL16 also causes ULBP1 to be retained in the ER and cis-Golgi apparatus so that it does not reach the cell surface. The ULBP1 regulation may have implications for development of new therapeutic strategies against cancer cells.

Cell surface proteins major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chain A (MICA) and UL16-binding proteins (ULBP) 1, 2, and 3 are up-regulated upon infection or tumor transformation and can activate human natural killer (NK) cells. ULBP-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 25.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9BZM6.

SerpinB9, also known as Cytoplasmic antiproteinase 3, CAP-3, Peptidase inhibitor 9, SERPINB9 and PI-9, is a cytoplasm protein that belongs to the serpin family and Ov-serpin subfamily. Serpin-B9 ( CAP-3 / PI-9 ) is the only known human intracellular inhibitor of granzyme B (GrB), the effector molecule in immunity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and in renal allograft rejection. Serpin-B9 and SPI-6 expression in immune-privileged cells, APCs, and CTLs protect these cells against the actions of granzyme B, and when expressed in tumor cells or virally infected hepatocytes, confers resistance to killing by CTL and NK cells. Expression of increasing levels of Serpin-B9 ( CAP-3 / PI-9 ) in target cells may progressively inhibit immune surveillance by blocking NK and CTL-induced cytotoxicity through the perforin / granzyme pathway and then through the Fas / FasL pathway. Serpin-B9 ( CAP-3 / PI-9 ) is selectively up-regulated in hepatocytes in response to infiltration of the liver by NK cells that express perforin and enzymatically active granzyme B. Upregulated expression of Serpin-B9 ( CAP-3 / PI-9 ) in NSCLC cells may serve to protect them from apoptosis induced by GrB.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 3 is also known as CD85 antigen-like family member E, Immunoglobulin-like transcript 6, ILT-6, Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 4, LIR-4 and Monocyte inhibitory receptor HM43/HM31. In humans, it is encoded by the LILRA3 gene. It acts as soluble receptor for class I MHC antigens. Binds both classical and non-classical HLA class I molecules but with reduced affinities compared to LILRB1 or LILRB2.It is detected in B-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, peripheral blood monocytes and lung.

Cell surface proteins major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chain A (MICA) and UL16-binding proteins (ULBP) 1, 2, and 3 are up-regulated upon infection or tumor transformation and can activate human natural killer (NK) cells. ULBP-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 25.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9BZM6.

Granzyme B, also known as GZMB, is the most prominent member of the granzyme family of cell death-inducing serine proteases expressed in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and NK cells. Granzyme B enters the target cells depending on another membrane-binding granule protein, perforin, results in the activation of effector caspases and mitochondrial depolarization through caspase-dependent and -independent pathways, and consequently induces rapid cell apoptosis. Over 3 substrates of GZMB have been identified including the key substrate caspase-3, ICAD, and Bid. GZMB is suggested to protect the host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens such as bacterial and viral infected-cells and tumor cells and accordingly plays an essential role in immunosurveillance.

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 is a member of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules. Mature cynomolgus TIM3 consists of a 182 amino acid (aa)extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 78 aa cytoplasmic tail. TIM3 is up-regulated on several populations of activated myeloid cells (macrophage, monocyte, dendritic cell, microglia, mast cell) and T cells (Th1, CD8+, NK, Treg). Its binding to Galectin9 induces a range of immunosuppressive functions which enhance immune tolerance and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. TIM3 ligation attenuates CD8+ and Th1 cell responses and promotes the activity of Treg and myeloid derived suppressor cells. TIM3 interactions with Galectin-9 can trigger immune stimulatory effects, such as the coactivation of NK cell cytotoxicity.

CD160 (also Natural killer cell receptor BY55) is a 27 ‑ 30 kDa member of the Ig superfamily. In human, it is expressed principally on nonmyeloid hematopoietic cells. CD160 antigenis a receptor on immune cells capable to deliver stimulatory or inhibitory signals that regulate cell activation and differentiation. Exists as a GPI-anchored and as a transmembrane form, each likely initiating distinct signaling pathways via phosphoinositol 3-kinase in activated NK cells and via LCK and CD247/CD3 zeta chain in activated T cells.

KIR2DL2 (2DL2, formerly NKAT6, designated CD158b) is a 348 amino acid (aa) type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the human killer cell Ig‑like receptor (KIR) family. KIRs are expressed on human CD56dim NK cells and T cell subsets, and regulate effector functions in the innate immune system.KIR2DL2 is receptor on natural killer (NK) cells for HLA-Cw1, 3, 7, and 8 allotypes. Inhibits the activity of NK cells thus preventing cell lysis. KIR2DL2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.4 kDa and the accession number is P43627.

KIR2DL2 (2DL2, formerly NKAT6, designated CD158b) is a 348 amino acid (aa) type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the human killer cell Ig‑like receptor (KIR) family. KIRs are expressed on human CD56dim NK cells and T cell subsets, and regulate effector functions in the innate immune system.KIR2DL2 is receptor on natural killer (NK) cells for HLA-Cw1, 3, 7, and 8 allotypes. Inhibits the activity of NK cells thus preventing cell lysis. KIR2DL2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.4 kDa and the accession number is P43627.

Granzymes are key components of the immune response that play important roles in eliminating host cells infected by intracellular pathogens. Several granzymes are potent inducers of cell death. A total of eight granzymes (A-G and M) have been identified in the mouse, but only five are known in humans (A, B, H, M, and granzyme 3), and granzyme H appears to be specifically human. Human granzyme H is a neutral serine protease that is expressed predominantly in the lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)/natural?killer (NK) compartment of the immune system. In adenovirus-infected cells in which granzyme B (gzmB) and downstream apoptosis pathways are inhibited, granzyme H directly cleaves the adenovirus DNA-binding protein (DBP), a viral component required for viral DNA replication. This virus demonstrated that gzmH directly induces an important decay in viral DNA replication. Interestingly, gzmH also cleaves the adenovirus 1K assembly protein, a major inhibitor of gzmB, and relieves gzmB inhibition. Granzyme H has a very high amino acid identity (>9%) with many portions of the granzyme B sequence, particularly near the amino terminus of the molecule despite performing a distinct enzymic function.