peptide t

Peptide T, an octapeptide from the V2 region of HIV-1 gp120, is a synthetic octapeptide that potentially acts through competitive inhibition of gp120 binding to the CD4 receptor, as well as binding to vasointestinal peptide receptors and inhibiting cytokine action.

SV40 T-Ag-derived NLS peptide acetate (SV40 T-Ag-derived NLS peptide acetate) is a nuclear localization signal peptide. The DNA labeled with this peptide can be effectively transferred to the nucleus.

Peptide T acetate is an octapeptide from the V2 region of HIV-1 gp120. Peptide T is a synthetic octapeptide whose possible mechanism of action is the competitive inhibition of gp120 to the CD4 receptor as well as binding to vasointestinal peptide receptors and inhibiting cytokine action

Highly neurotoxic cell-permeable analog of PHF6. Induces aggregation of Tau peptides.

Peptide T (TFA), an octapeptide derived from the V2 region of HIV-1 gp120, functions as a ligand for the CD4 receptor, thereby effectively inhibiting HIV binding to the CD4 receptor.

This peptide, a nuclear localization signal DNA tagged to this peptide efficiently translocates into the cell nucleus.

Peptide T amide is an octapeptide segment of HIV envelope gp120 and is used in AIDS therapy.

DAPTA (Adaptavir) is an inhibitor of CCR5, shows potent anti-HIV activities.

EGF-R (661-681) T669 Peptide, a substrate of MAPK, facilitates the measurement of MAPK catalytic activity [1].

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (MOG (35-55)), is a truncated peptide derived from the human Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG).

Myelin Basic Protein (87-99) Acetate (Myelin Basic Protein (87-99) Acetate (118506-26-6 Free base)) is an encephalitogenic peptide that induces basic protein-specific T cell proliferation. Myelin Basic Protein (87-99) Acetate causes a Th1 polarization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS).

NLS PKKKRKV acetate is a peptide derived from the 40 tumor antigen of the great ape virus (SV40 big T antigen), which is a method to enhance the nuclear portal in the research field of gene transfer.

Iα52 acetate is a naturally processed peptide encompassed the residues 52-68 of the murine I-Eα chain and may contribute to selection of immature T cells.

BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-31 acetate is a effectively agonistic peptide (mimotope) for diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. It can stimulate BDC2.5 cells with cells showing good response to this mimotope. 1040-31 peptide is specific for BDC2.5 TCR Tg+ (transgenic

Influenza HA 126-138 acetate is a influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) peptide acetate comprising amino acids 126-138. Influenza HA 126-138 acetate induces thymic and peripheral T-cell apoptosis.

G280-9 acetate is a common melanoma gp100 epitope restricted by MHC-associated HLA-A2. The G280-9 sequence is unique because it could be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes at very low concentrations, however it shows low total immunogenicity that may b

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) peptide (35-55) , mouse, rat acetate is a MOG peptide (35-55) derivative. MOG peptide (35-55) is a part of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunogenic peptide and can be used to study immune-related diseases.

TPP-1, a peptide inhibitor, targets the interaction between programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), binding specifically to PD-L1 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 94.67 nM. At a concentration of 20 µM, TPP-1 effectively counteracts the PD-L1-induced suppression of IFN-γ production in anti-CD3-stimulated isolated human CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, TPP-1 demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing tumor volume in a mouse xenograft model of HL-60 leukemia. This model involved HL-60 cells co-cultured with anti-CD3-activated isolated human CD4+ T cells, with TPP-1 administration at a dosage of 4 mg/kg showing notable antitumor activity.

[Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) is a mutated fragment of the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), featuring substitutions of tryptophan to leucine and histidine to arginine at positions 144 and 147, respectively. Immunizing mice with this peptide (50 µg) mixed in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) elevates IL-4 levels in the spleen. While it suppresses Th1 cell activation in vitro, it does not do so in vivo; instead, it promotes the development of regulatory T cells. Preimmunization with [Leu144, Arg147]-PLP (139-151) postpones the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) triggered by encephalitogenic peptides from PLP (178-191), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) (92-106), or myelin basic protein (MBP) in mice.

HOXB7 (8-25), a peptide fragment derived from homeobox B7 (HOXB7)—a key controller of cell growth and oncogene activator—facilitates antigen presentation when pulsed onto dendritic cells obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This process promotes the activation and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by CD4+ helper T cells, triggering targeted and broad-spectrum antitumor responses.

Large T antigen - rhesus polyomavirus 560-568 has a peptide sequence of Ser-Glu-Phe-Leu-Leu-Glu-Lys-Arg-Ile. T antigen is required for viral DNA replication, transcription, and virion assembly.

Amyloid-β (25-35) (Aβ (25-35)) is an 11-residue fragment of the Aβ protein that retains the physical and biological characteristics of the full length peptide. It forms fibrils that react to thioflavin T and Congo red and are organized in a cross-β arrangement of β-strands similar to Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42) fibrils. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) decreases the viability of rat adrenal PC12 cells. It also decreases the viability of primary rat cortical neurons at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 30 μM. In vivo, intracerebral injection of Aβ (25-35) (20 nmol) in rats induces lesions of neuronal and tissue loss. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) administered intracerebroventricularly to rats induces learning and memory impairments in the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tests.

Tifuvirtide (T-1249) is a synthetically designed peptide and fusion inhibitor targeting human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), exhibiting antiretroviral activity. This hybrid retroviral envelope polypeptide is utilized in the research of HIV infection [1].

ELAAWCRWGFLLALLPPGIAG TFA (P5), a 21-amino-acid peptide (aa 5-25) originating from the rat HER2/neu protein, has been shown to elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in mice with HER2-positive tumors [1].

LCMV gp33-41, the carboxyl-extended 11-aa-long peptide, is an H-2Db restricted epitope derived from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein gp 33 (residues 33 to 41) and is presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes by MHC class I H-2Db molecules.

Biotin-labeled Hyaluronan-binding Peptide is a biologically active peptide conjugated with biotin via a C-terminal GGGSK linker. It interacts with the non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), prominent in the extracellular matrix and on cellular surfaces, involved in processes such as fertilization, embryonic development, wound healing, angiogenesis, leukocyte migration, and cancer metastasis. The peptide impedes HA's interaction with CD44 receptors and curtails T cell proliferation.

BMSpep-57 hydrochloride, a potent macrocyclic peptide, competitively inhibits PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, exhibiting an IC50 value of 7.68 nM. It binds to PD-L1 with dissociation constants (Kds) of 19 nM and 19.88 nM as determined by MST and SPR assays, respectively. This compound enhances T cell functionality by promoting IL-2 production in PBMCs[1].

Peptide A5K acetate, an INF7-TAT derivative, facilitates CRISPR RNP delivery to T cells and effectively enhances Cas9 RNP transport to natural killer (NK) cells [1].

Feglymycin is a 13-amino acid peptide originally isolated from Streptomyces that has antibacterial and antiviral activities. It is active against Gram-positive bacteria (MICs = 32-64 μg/ml) and inhibits HIV viral replication in H9 cells (IC50 = ~5 μM). Feglymycin is also active against clinical isolates of HIV-1 from clades A-D, A/E, and G (EC50s = 0.5-6.7 μM). It interacts with gp120 and inhibits HIV-1 NL4.3 binding to human soluble CD4 (EC50 = 4.4 μM) and to CD4+ SupT1 T cells by 74.5% when used at a concentration of 10.5 μM. Feglymycin inhibits the E. coli peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes MurA and MurC (Kis = 3.4 and 0.3 μM, respectively) in a noncompetitive manner.

DiaPep277, a 24 amino acid peptide sourced from HSP60 positions 437-460, impedes β-cell destruction in NOD mice and modulates diabetogenic T-cell activity in animal diabetes models [1] [2].

CMV pp65(13-27) is a bioactive peptide derived from the 65k lower matrix phosphoprotein of the human cytomegalovirus, specifically comprising amino acid residues 13 to 27, including a nine-amino-acid sequence (LGPISGHVL) that corresponds to the consensus binding motif for the major histocompatibility complex H2-Dd T-cell epitope.

Siamycin I is a tricyclic peptide originally isolated from Streptomyces and has antiviral and antibacterial activities. It is active against laboratory strains and clinical isolates of HIV-1 (ED50s = 0.05-0.45 and 0.89-5.7 μM, respectively), as well as the CBL-20 strain of HIV-2 (ED50 = 0.45 μM), in vitro. Siamycin I inhibits HIV-induced fusion of C8166 T cells with HIV-1-infected CEM-SS cells with an ED50 value of 0.08 μM. It is also active against B. subtilis, M. luteus, and S. aureus (MICs = 1.6-6.3 μg/ml). Siamycin I inhibits autophosphorylation of the E. faecalis quorum sensing kinase FsrC induced by gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone (GBAP).

EGFRvIII peptide, a synthetic peptide mirroring the EGFRvIII fusion junction—a tumor-specific, perpetually active EGFR variant missing amino acids 6-273 of the wild-type—binds to HLA-A*0201-positive T2 cells under MHC class I at 25 µg/ml. It enables antigen presentation in dendritic cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), thus activating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and prompting IFN-γ production. Administered at 15 µg/animal with the TLR5 agonist flagellin B, EGFRvIII peptide elevates CD8+ T cell numbers, lowers regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the brain, diminishes tumor volume, and extends survival in a GL261 glioblastoma mouse model.

This is a strongly agonistic peptide (mimotope) for diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5.

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

Hemagglutinin (48-68), the fragment spanning amino acids 48 to 68 of the influenza virus hemagglutinin, has been demonstrated to induce proliferation in peptide-specific T-cell clones [1].

Moth Cytochrome C (MCC) (88-103), derived from the carboxyl terminus of moth cytochrome c, induces positive selection of TCR transgenic thymocytes. Thymic positive and negative selections govern the development of a self-MHC-reactive, yet self-tolerant, T cell repertoire.

This peptide is a fragment of the alpha-chain of insulin amino acids 1 to 13. The insulin a-chain epitope recognized by human T cells is posttranslationally modified.

A cell-permeable synthetic peptide NEMO-binding domain peptide (NBD peptide) corresponding to the NEMO amino-terminal alpha-helical region is shown to block TNF-alpha-induced NF-kB activation. The interaction of IKγNEMO with the IKK complex is vital for t

Bactenecin 5, a bovine antibacterial peptide, exhibits activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 12-25 μg/mL [1].

Caerin 1.1 TFA, a host defense peptide derived from the Australian tree frog Litoria's glandular secretions, exhibits anti-proliferative effects on HeLa cells and induces apoptosis. Additionally, it has the potential to augment adaptive T cell immune responses [1].

Myelin Basic Protein (87-99) TFA, an encephalitogenic peptide, promotes basic protein-specific T cell proliferation and induces Th1 polarization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) [1] [2].

Tetanus Toxin (830–844), a biologically active peptide and a tetanus toxin-derived peptide TT830–844 CD4+ T-cell epitope, exhibits promiscuity by binding to a wide spectrum of HLA–DRB molecules. Consequently, it is anticipated to elicit CD4+ T-cell responses across a broad segment of the human population.

IGRP(206-214) is an bioactive peptide corresponding to residues 206–214 of the murine islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit–related protein (IGRP). It induces diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice by being specific for T cells targeting both proinsulin and IGRP.

EE epitope, a biologically active peptide, is a fragment (314 to 319 amino acids) of the middle T antigen from mouse polyomavirus and is frequently utilized as an epitope tag. Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, which can arise spontaneously at the N-terminus from either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E), are recognized for potentially enhancing peptide stability through the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu, particularly against gastrointestinal proteases. Such peptides, as a normal variant, are accounted for within peptide purity assessments during HPLC analysis.

CFP10 (71–85) is an immunologically active peptide that induces IFN-γ production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from individuals with diverse MHC class II and I expression profiles.

BDC2.5 Mimotope 1040-63 is a biologically active peptide used in the investigation of type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease where T cells induce destruction of pancreatic islet β cells. This mimotope, originating from the TCR transgenic model (BDC2.5), facilitates the examination of antigen presentation mechanisms to islet autoantigen-specific T cells, contributing to the understanding of T cell-mediated beta-cell damage due to autoreactive T cell responses.

Peptide VF13N is a synthetic rabies virus glycoprotein T helper cell epitope.

EPI-X4, an endogenous peptide fragment of human serum albumin (amino acids 408-423), serves as an antagonist to the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4). It effectively prevents calcium mobilization and receptor internalization triggered by chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) in HEK293 cells with CXCR4 expression, at concentrations between 0.8 and 1,000 µM. Moreover, EPI-X4 hampers the CXCL12-driven migration of both Jurkat T cells and human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. In an acute allergic airway hypereosinophilia mouse model, EPI-X4 intrinsically decreases Cxcr4-dependent inflammatory cell infiltration in airways at a dose of 16 µmol/kg. Additionally, increased urinary EPI-X4 levels, inversely related to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), are observed in chronic kidney disease patients, indicating its potential biomarker role.

NY-ESO-1 (87-111) is a pan-MHC class II-restricted peptide interacting with various HLA-DR and HLA-DP4 molecules, inducing activation of CD4+ T cells with Th1-type and Th-2 Th0-type responses when presented with these molecules.