1. Tussilagone inhibits dendritic cell function through the induction of heme oxygenase-1. 2. Tussilagone has anti-cancer activity, might be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of human colon cancer. 3. Tussilagone has anti

Epibetulinic acid has anti-inflammatory activity, it exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E(2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a naturally occurring hormone involved in a variety of physiological processes in the body, including smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, regulation of vasodilatation and constriction, regulation of blood pressure, and inflammatory regulation.

Schizandriside may have anti-inflammatory effects, it has inhibitory activities against nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production in IFN-γ- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It shows significant cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK