Polygalacic acid (Virgaureagenin G)(PA) significantly improves cholinergic system reactivity, as indicated by decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increases choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and elevates levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, PA also significantly ameliorates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in mice; suggest that PA might exert a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, driven in part by the modulation of cholinergic activity and neuroinflammation. Polygalacic acid shows significant postingestive effects on Spodoptera littoralis larvae.

Beta-Carboline-1-propanoic acid is a reference standard compound, it is also a synthetic precursor compound. It is a derivative of indole and has been used in the synthesis of other indole derivatives such as indole-3-carboxaldehyde and as a starting material for the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic compounds. It has also been used to study the conformational relationships of indole-containing compounds and has been used as a model compound to study indole reactivity.

Flavanone (2-Phenylchroman-4-one)s from citrus fruits have also been shown to exert beneficial effects on human vascular function. In particular, chronic interventions with orange juice, or the pure flavanone hesperidin, resulted in a decrease in blood pressure in overweight volunteers and acute improvements in microvascular reactivity.

3-Methoxyfuran shows Diels-Alder reactivity under forcing conditions.