ros generation

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Lawsone methyl ether (2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) induced apoptosis of A549 cells independent of cell cycle arrest, and is mediated by the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Further analysis demonstrated that these signaling pathways were stimulated by oxidative DNA damage caused by increased ROS generation in MNQ-treated A549 cells.

1. Flavokawain B (Flavokavain B) has potent anti-inflammatory activity, can significantly inhibit production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. 2. Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. 3. Flavokawain B induces apoptosis, has the potential usefulness of FKB for prevention and treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer in an adjuvant setting. 4. Flavokawain B acts through ROS generation and GADD153 up-regulation to regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family members, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HCT116 cells.

Physalin A exerts anti-tumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines by suppressing JAK/STAT3 signaling, it inhibits androgen-independent prostate cancer cell growth through activation of cell apoptosis and downregulation of androgen receptor ex

Cearoin has anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic activities, it can markedly inhibit inflammatory responses including LPS-induced NO production by suppressing the expression of iNOS mRNA and LPS-induced mRNA expression of TNFα and CCL2. Cearoin induces aut

Picrasidine I has antiosteoclastogenic effect by inhibiting inflammation induced activation of MAPKs, NF-κB and ROS generation followed by suppressing the gene expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 in osteoclast precursors.

Sophoflavescenol is a mixed inhibitor of PDE5 with a K(i) value of 0.005 microM. Sophoflavescenol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects , these effects might contribute to the antitumor activity without severe side effects. Sophoflaves

Cristacarpin exhibits moderate but selective activity towards DNA repair-deficient yeast mutants. It promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to sub-lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and which eventually terminates by triggering s

Panaxydol has anti-cancer activity, can inhibit the growth and apoptosis of cancer cells, the signaling mechanisms involve a [Ca(2+)](i) increase, JNK and p38 MAPK activation, cAMP, MAP kinase and ROS generation through NADPH oxidase and mitochondria.

Stigmane B, a nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) activator, exhibits neuroprotective effects by downregulating apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.

Bixin is isolated from the seeds of Bixa orellana and possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Bixin treatment ameliorated cardiac dysfunction through inhibiting fibrosis, inflammation, and ROS generation.

1. Schisanhenol (Schizanhenol) can protect against adriamycin induced heart mitochondrial toxicity. 2. Schisanhenol has antioxidative effect on human LDL oxidation, may be through scavenging free radicals. 3. Schisanhenol has anti-apoptosis effect on BACSs, may be related to its inhibition of ROS generation.

Berberine chloride hydrate (Natural Yellow 18 chloride hydrate) is an alkaloid commonly used as an antibiotic.Berberine chloride hydrate has antitumor activity, induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibits DNA topoisomerase.

1. Sesamolin and Sesamin has neuroprotective effect. 2. Sesamolin protects microglia against H2O2-induced cell injury, by inhibiting of p38 MAPK and caspase-3 activation and ROS production. 3. Sesamolin and Sesamin can significantly attenuate the excess g

alpha-Boswellic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained from Boswellia serrata with anticonvulsant and anticancer properties. In animals, it is a preventive and minimizing Alzheimer's disease marker and can be used in Alzheimer's disease research.

Condurango glycoside A activates p53, induces ROS generation, up-regulates p53 expression, and triggers apoptosis as well as premature senescence associated with DNA damage in HeLa cells [1].