th2 cells

SB273005 is an orally active and potent nonpeptide integrin αvβ3 antagonist that inhibits αvβ3 and αvβ5 and reduces the production of Th2 cells and the cytokine IL-10 in pregnant mice.

BI-671800 (AP-761) is a highly specific and potent antagonist of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule on Th2 cells (DP2 CRTH2). With IC50 values of 4.5 nM and 3.7 nM for PGD2 binding to CRTH2 in hCRTH2 and mCRTH2 transfected cells, respectively. BI-671800 has the potential to treat poorly controlled asthma[2].

Fevipiprant (NVP-QAW039) is a selective, potent, reversible competitive CRTh2 antagonist.

Naringenin chalcone (Isosalipurpol) has antiallergic activity Naringenin chalcone suppresses asthmatic symptoms by inhibiting Th2 cytokine production from CD4 T cells. Naringenin chalcone is a potent tomato flavonoid that improves adipocyte metabolic functions and exerts insulin-sensitizing effects by activating an adiponectin-related pathway. Naringenin chalcone exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages, may be useful for ameliorating the inflammatory changes in obese adipose tissue.

SB297006 is an antagonist of C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3; IC50 = 39 nM), which normally is activated by eotaxin, eotaxin-3, MCP-3, MCP-4, RANTES, and MIP-1δ. It is at least 250-fold selective for CCR3 over a panel of other chemokine receptors. SB 297006 blocks CCR3-mediated calcium mobilization induced by eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and MCP-4 in transfected cells. It suppresses antigen-induced accumulation of Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils in lungs of mice when delivered subcutaneously (100 mg/kg).

Cyclic di-IMP (sodium salt) (c-di-IMP) is a synthetic second messenger structurally related to the bacterial second messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP . C-di-IMP has adjuvant properties when co-administered with antigens in vitro and by mucosal routes in vivo. C-di-IMP enriches the population of MHC class I and II, CD80, CD86, CD40, and CD54 positive dendritic cells derived from murine bone marrow. It also stimulates macrophages at 500 ng/ml. Mice immunized with β-galactosidase (β-gal) plus c-di-IMP through the intranasal route show a humoral immune response, evidenced by an increase in IgG titers up to 2-fold compared to mice immunized with β-gal alone. Mice immunized with β-gal plus c-di-IMP also exhibit a Th1/Th2 response, indicating that the adjuvant activity of c-di-IMP leads to a cellular immune response as well.

YM-341619 (AS1617612) is a potent, orally active STAT6 inhibitor (IC50: 0.70 nM) that inhibits IL-4-induced Th2 differentiation in mouse splenic T cells with an IC50 value of 0.28 nM, without affecting Th1 cell differentiation. YM-341619 holds potential for research into allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma.

QS-21, an immunostimulatory saponin, is a potent vaccine adjuvant that stimulates both Th2 humoral and Th1 cell-mediated immune responses by interacting with antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. Furthermore, QS-21 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the release of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, dependent on caspase-1.

JAK1 TYK2-IN-3 is a selective, potent, orally active dual inhibitor of TYK2 (IC50: 6 nM) and JAK1 (IC50: 37 nM), with selective action on JAK2 (IC50: 140 nM) and JAK3 (IC50: 362 nM). It regulates the expression of TYK2 JAK1-related genes and formation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells to exert anti-inflammatory activity.

Binetrakin (Interleukin 4 (human)) is a pleiotropic cytokine from T lymphocytes that affects multiple cell types like B cells and T cells, and promotes the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) into Th2 cells, with applications in various biological research contexts [1] [2].

RPT193 is an orally active CCR4 inhibitor that exhibits an inhibitory effect on the recruitment of Th2 inflammatory immune cells to inflammatory tissues and plays an important role in diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic inflammation.

Physalin H is an Hh signaling inhibitor blocks GLI1-DNA-complex formation, it also strong quinone reductase induction activity with IR (Induction ratio, QR induction activity) value of 3.74±0.02. Physalin H shows immunosuppressive effects on T cells both

Vimirogant (VTP-43742) hydrochloride is an orally active, selective RORγt inhibitor (IC50: 17 nM, Ki: 3.5 nM) that is more than 1000 times more selective than RORα and RORβ. It inhibits Th17 differentiation and IL-17A secretion in mouse spleen cells with an IC50 of 57 nM and does not affect Th1, Th2, or Treg cell differentiation.

The biological effects of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) are transduced by at least two 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, designated DP1 and CRTH2/DP2. In humans, CRTH2/DP2 is expressed on Th2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils where it mediates the chemotactic activity of PGD2. CAY10597, as a racemic mixture, is a potent CRTH2/DP2 receptor antagonist that binds to the human receptor with a Ki value of 37 nM. The R enantiomer is slightly more potent exhibiting Ki values of 23 and 22 nM at the human and murine CRTH2/DP2 receptor, respectively. The R enantiomer of CAY10597 inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis induced by 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2 with an IC50 value of 40 nM.

Setipiprant (ACT-129968) is an orally available, selective CRTH2 antagonist (IC50: 6.0 nM). CRTH2, a G protein-coupled receptor for prostaglandin (PGD2), mediates key inflammatory responses related to allergy and asthma. PGD2, produced by mast cells, binds to CRTH2 on blood-borne cells, inducing chemotaxis of Th2 cells, basophils, and eosinophils, and stimulating cytokine release.

CCR8 antagonist 2 is a potent inhibitor of CCR8 (C-C Motif chemokine receptor 8), predominantly expressed on Treg and Th2 cells, and not on Th1 cells. CCR8 antagonist 2 can be used for the treatment of CCR8-mediated diseases (e.g., cancer and or neuropathic pain).

α-Galactosylceramide analog 8 (α-GalCer analog 8) is a triazole derivative of α-galactosylceramide. [1] It increases IL-2 secretion by DN32.D3 NKT hybridoma cells when co-cultured with CD1d-transfected RBL cells pre-loaded with α-GalCer analog 8 at a concentration of 32 ng/ml. α-GalCer analog 8 (32 ng/ml) induces IL-4 secretion to a greater extent than the synthetic α-GalCer KRN 7000 in mouse splenocytes in vitro and in mouse serum following administration of a 1 µg per animal dose, indicating a Th2 response.