(-)-Epicatechin gallate ((-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate) is one of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.

Ecdysone is a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs. Ecdysone triggers mineralocorticoid receptor activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone signaling through Ecdysone receptor isoform B1 is required cell autonomously for the muscle death.