Vitamin D Receptor/VDR Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.28 kDa and the accession number is P48281.

MED1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 32.2 kDa and the accession number is Q15648.

Vitamin D Receptor/VDR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50 kDa and the accession number is P11473.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a critical hormone in the regulation of Ca++ homeostasis. Parathyroid hormone is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid. This hormone is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds its major target cells in bone and kidney. Another hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein, binds to the same receptor as parathyroid hormone and has major effects on development. Like most other protein hormones, parathyroid hormone is synthesized as a preprohormone. After intracellular processing, the mature hormone is packaged with in the Golgi into secretory vesicles, the secreted into blood by exocytosis. In renal epithelium, PTH promotes conversion of Vitamin D to its active form, lowers Ca++ excretion and increases phosphate excretion. PTH also increases hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and mobilization and induces arterial vasodilation by regulating Ca++ influx in PTH1R-expressing arterial smooth muscle.

Dermatopontin is a widely expressed noncollagenous protein component of the extracellular matrix. It is a 22 kDa molecule that is tyrosine sulfated but not glycosylated. Dermatopontin is down regulated in fibrotic growths such as leiomyoma and scar tissue, inhibits cell proliferation, accelerates collagen fibril formation, and stabilizes collagen fibrils against low-temperature dissociation, Dermatopontin deficient mice exhibit altered collagen matrix deposition and organization. Dermatopontin seems to mediate adhesion by cell surface integrin binding, may serve as a communication link between the dermal fibroblast cell surface and its extracellular matrix environment, and enhances TGFB1 activity (By similarity). Dermatopontin promotes bone mineralization under the control of the vitamin D receptor and inhibits BMP-2 effects on osteoblast precursors.

Vitamin D-Binding Protein (DBP) is a member of the ALB/AFP/VDB family. DBP is a secreted protein and contains three albumin domains. The primary structure contains 28 cysteine residues forming multiple disulfide bonds. DBP acts as a multifunctional protein found in plasma, ascitic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine and on the surface of many cell types. DBP binds to vitamin D and its plasma metabolites and transports them to target tissues. DBP associates with membrane-bound immunoglobulin on the surface of B-lymphocytes and with IgG Fc receptor on the membranes of T-lymphocytes.