Anti-infection

Niranthin is a potent anti-leishmanial agent, inhibits the relaxation activity of heterodimeric type IB topoisomerase of L. donovani and acts as a non-competitive inhibitor interacting with both subunits of the enzyme. Niranthin also exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus, antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions.

Licoflavone B has schistosomicidal activity, it showed high S. mansoni ATPase (IC50 of 23.78 μM) and ADPase (IC50 of 31.50 μM) inhibitory activities.

Methyl rosmarinate is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from Rabdosia serra, with an IC50 of 0.28 mM for mushroom tyrosinase. It exhibits antioxidative and antifungal activities, and also inhibits tyrosinase, α±-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

Kumatakenin can suppress >80% of the SOS-inducing activity of Trp-P-1 at <0.06 micromol mL.

Quercimeritrin (Quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) has antibacterial activity, it shows promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Hesperetin 7-O-glucoside and prunin are direct precursors of naringin and neohesperidin, respectively, in C. aurantium. Hesperetin 7-O-glucoside shows inhibition of human HMG-CoA reductase, it also exhibits effective inhibition of the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Hesperetin 7-O-glucoside can reduce blood pressure in healthy volunteers.

Piperlonguminine, an alkaloid amide isolated from the Piper species, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-platelet, anti-melanogenic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. It inhibits Akt mTOR signaling, promotes autophagy, and mediates cancer cell death.

Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone) exhibits potent antioxidant and antiradical activities, effectively inhibiting EYPC membrane lipid peroxidation and HbA glycosylation.

Isoforsythiaside has antioxidant, and antibacterial activities.

13,21-Dihydroeurycomanone (Pasakbumin C) is a natural product isolated from the root of Eurycoma longifolia with antiparasitic activity such as Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii.

Cefotaxime is an inhibitor of penicillin binding protein.

Vincetoxicoside B, isolated from Polygonum paleaceum Wall. Vincetoxicoside B , quercetin, kaempferol , and (-)-epicatechin show synergistic antifungal activities with the FICI values <0.5.

Eurycomalactone is a natural product isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack., acts as a potent NF-κB inhibitor( IC50 of 0.5 μM). Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis, depletes cyclin D1, but does not affect TNFα-induced degradation of IκBα or the phosphorylation of IKKα β and IκBα.

Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside (Kaempferol 3-O-beta-sophoroside) has antibacterial and antiviral activities.

Evocarpine shows antimycobacterial, and vasorelaxant effects, it can inhibit Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels.

(+)-Aromadendrene is a natural product that has significant antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Bruceantinol has antiviral activity, it can inhibit pepper mottle virus in pepper; it shows antibabesial activity against Babesia gibsoni in vitro, with the IC50 value of 12 ng mL.

Brevilin A is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Centipeda minima, inhibits janus kinase activity and blocks STAT3 signaling in cancer cells with anti-tumor activity. Brevilin A is a selective inhibitor of JAK-STAT signal pathway by attenuating the JAKs activity and blocking STAT3 signaling (IC50 = 10.6 μM) in Cancer Cells.Brevilin A induces apoptosis and autophagy via mitochondrial pathway and PI3K AKT mTOR inactivation in colon adenocarcinoma cell CT26.antitumour

5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin shows antifungal activity.

Vasicine is oxytocic and abortifacient agents.Vasicine, a potential natural cholinesterase inhibitor, has been in development for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Vasicine can regulate the inflammatory reaction, have great potentials to develop safe medi

Myristicin (Myristicine) is a natural product found in spices and umbelliferous plants. Myristicin has anti-cholinergic, Antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects, it also has anti-inflammatory properties related with its inhibition of NO, cytokines,chemokines, and growth factors in dsRNA-stimulated macrophages via the calcium pathway. Myristicin can induce Apoptosis as characterised by alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, Caspase-3 activation, PARP-cleavage and DNA fragmentation.

Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound found in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg mL and possesses anti-acne and tyrosinase inhibition properties. Additionally, isoastilbin demonstrates neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial, and anti-apoptotic properties, indicating potential for Alzheimer's disease research.

Dictamine (Dectamine) shows anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, mutagenic, and has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. It has the ability to exert cytotoxicity in human cervix, colon, and oral carcinoma cells.

Penicillin G potassium (Benzylpenicillin potassium) is the potassium salt form of penicillin G, a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic.

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone (Desmethylbellidifolin) is a natural xanthone extracted from Gentianella acuta, exhibiting antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activities. Dimethylbellidifolin shows mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA97, and TA2637 by the preincubation method and significantly inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at a dose of 200 µg disk.

Delamanid (OPC-67683) is an anti-tuberculosis agent derived from the nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole class of compounds that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis of bacterial cell wall.

Antibacterial agent 27 has potent anti-Candida activity.

Paulownin, a furofuran lignan from Paulownia tomentosa,has the action of anti-inflammation,analgesia,immunity,hypoglycemia and has little toxicity.

Persicogenin has anticancer, antimutagenic, and antileishmanial activities, it can inhibit the proliferation of mouse tsFT210 cancer cells, it mainly inhibits cell cycle at the G2 M phase in a dose-dependent manner.

Heraclenin has anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it also has mutagenicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Heraclenin can induce apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia cells, it has a strong clastogenic effect . (+)-Heraclenin displays significant levels

Bacopasaponin C may have antioxidant activity, it also shows anti-leishmanial property.

2-(Hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone exhibits strong activity against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 at 0.01 mg disc.

Octahydrocurcumin has antioxidant and and anti-inflammatory activities, it can inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response via the mechanism of inhibiting NF-kB translocation to the nucleus. Octahydrocurcumin exhibits potent cytotoxic effect (IC50 =19.46 ug mL) and shows high antimicrobial activity.

Nevadensin is an important herb-based constituent inhibiting estragole bioactivation. Nevadensin protects against a methyleugenol-induced marker of hepatocarcinogenicity in male F344 rat. It also exhibits inhibition activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with equal MIC value of 200 microg mL.

Isoschaftoside is used as an intercrop due to its allelopathic inhibition of parasitism by Striga hermonthica, an obligate parasitic weed that can devastate the maize crop. Isoschaftoside has anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, it also possesses strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita.

N-(Hydroxymethyl)nicotinamide (Bilamid) is an antimicrobial agent.

Viridicatol, with potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus(MIC: 15.6 μg mL), is isolated from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. R22 in Nerium indicum.

8-Geranyloxypsoralen inhibits α2-secretase (BACE1) activity in non-competitive manner, with the IC(50) values <25.0 μM, it can induce vasorelaxation on rat arterial tissues. 8-Geranyloxypsoralen possesses nematicidal activities, the median lethal concentrations (LC(50)) is 188.3 mg L against B. xylophilus and is 117.5 mg L against P. redivivus.

Aspoxicillin, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, demonstrates efficacy against 68 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of <= 0.05 μg ml. It exhibits a prolonged half-life of 55 minutes in mouse serum.

2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) reduces serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and exhibits anti-lipidemic effects.

Sulfabrom (Sulfabromomethazine) is a long-acting sulfonamide medicine for the treatment of coccidiosis and various bacterial infections in poultry, pigs, and cattle.

Ceftezole sodium (Falomesin) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic active gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria except for Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens. It has the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins. It also inhibits alpha-glucosidase.

Rubiadin-1-methyl ether (Rubiadin 1-methyl ether) is a natural product.It inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption via inhibition on the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the degradation of IκBα as well as decrease in the nuclear translocation of p65.

8-Epidiosbulbin E acetate exhibits broad-spectrum plasmid-curing activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Sorbic acid is a natural product that inhibits various bacteria, including sporeformers,

Baicalin methyl ester shows inhibitory effects on the Avian Myeloblastosis Virus reverse transcriptase (AMV-RT).

7-Hydroxyflavanone shows antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates.

1,3-Dithiane (1,3-Dithian) is a protected formaldehyde anion equivalent that could serve as a useful labeled synthon. 1,3-Dithiane is also a sulfur-containing Maillard reaction products found in boiled beef extracts.