anaerobic bacteria

Metronidazole Benzoate (Benzoyl metronidazole) is a derivative of Metronidazole and benzoic acid, which has antibacterial, anti-parasitic and anti-trichomonas functions and is often used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria.

Tizoxanide (Desacetyl-nitazoxanide) is a metabolite of lamivudine. Lamivudine (2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine, commonly called 3TC) is a potent nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nRTI).

Metronidazole (Metronidazol) is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities.

A-54556B is a natural acyldepsipeptide (ADEP) antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of S. hawaiiensis. Like the closely related ADEP, A-54556A , A-54556B is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including penicillin-resistant S. aureus. A-54556B is also effective against many strains of anaerobic bacteria.

A-39183A is an active component of the A-39183 antibiotic complex produced by aerobic fermentation of Streptomyces NRRL 12049. It has activity against penicillin-resistant S. aureus 3055 and S. faecalis X66 (MICs = 32 and 32 μg/ml, respectively) and a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria (MICs = 16-128 μg/ml) in an agar dilution assay.

Cefotetan Sodium, a second-generation cephalosporin, cephamycin antibiotic, is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Cefotetan disrupts the cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding

Dicloxacillin Sodium (BRL1702 Sodium) is a β-lactamase resistant penicillin similar to oxacillin and it has activity against gram-positive/negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

E 4441 is a third-generation difluoroquinolone, which has good activity against G(+) aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in vitro and in vivo.

OPC-167832 is a potent and orally active dprE1 Inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.258 μM. OPC-167832 has antituberculosis activity and can be used for the research of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis[1]. OPC-167832 exhibits very low MICs against laboratory strains of M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC: 0.0005 μg/ml) and Kurono (MIC: 0.0005 μg/ml) and strains with monoresistance to rifampin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), streptomycin (STR), and pyrazinamide (PZA) (MIC: 0.00024-0.001 μg/ml). However, OPC-167832 has minimal or no activity against standard strains of nonmycobacterial aerobic and anaerobic bacteria[1].The IC90 values of OPC-167832 against intracellular M. tuberculosis strains H37Rv and Kurono are 0.0048 and 0.0027 μg/ml, respectively. OPC-167832 shows bactericidal activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis at a low concentration, and the bactericidal activity is saturated at concentrations of 0.004 μg/ml or higher[1]. OPC-167832 (oral administration; 0.625-10 mg/kg) exhibits a good pharmacokinetic characteristic. The plasma reaches peak at 0.5 h to 1.0 h (tmax) and is eliminated with a half-life (t1/2) of 1.3 h to 2.1 h OPC-167832 distribution in the lungs is approximately 2 times higher than that in plasma, and the Cmax and AUCt of OPC-167832 in plasma and the lungs shows dose dependency[1].OPC-167832 (oral administration; 0.625-10 mg/kg; 4 weeks) significantly reduces lung CFU compared to the vehicle group. The dose-dependent decrease of lung CFU is observed from 0.625 mg/kg to 2.5 mg/kg. In a M. tuberculosis Kurono-infected ICR female mice model. OPC-167832 combines with DMD, BDQ, or LVX via oral gavage exhibits significantly higher efficacies than each single agent alone[1].[1].OPC-167832 (oral gavage; 2.5 mg/kg; combination with DCMB; 12 weeks) demonstrates the most potent efficacy when compares with DC, DCB. The lung CFU count after 6 weeks of treatment is below the detection limit, and at the end of just 8 weeks of treatment, the bacteria in the lungs of all the evaluated mice had already been eradicate[1]. [1]. Norimitsu Hariguchi, et al. OPC-167832, a Novel Carbostyril Derivative with Potent Antituberculosis Activity as a DprE1 Inhibitor.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 May 21;64(6):e02020-19.

PD 131628 is a novel fluoroquinolone that is a bioactive form of PD 131112 or CI-990 for use against anaerobic bacteria.

Desacetylcefotaxime, an in vivo metabolite of Cefotaxime (CTX), exhibits noteworthy in vitro antimicrobial efficacy, akin to its parent compound, against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria [1].

Cefoxitin (Rephoxitin) is a broad-spectrum, orally available second-generation cephalosporins antibiotic. Cefoxitin interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Its activity profile includes Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and is commonly used in abdominal cavity infections, pelvic infections, and certain types of gynecological infections, and is highly effective against anaerobic bacteria.

Vulpinic Acid (Pulvinic acid methyl ester) is a lichen metabolite with anti-inflammatory, antibacteria, properties, plant growth inhibitor.

Morinidazole shows antibacterial activity and can be used in studies about bacterial infections research such as appendicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease caused by anaerobic bacteria.

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-oxamic acid, a compound derived from the reduction of Metronidazole, can result from either chemical processes or through interaction with intestinal bacteria. Metronidazole itself is a nitroimidazole antibiotic with a broad range of efficacy against protozoans, as well as both Gram-negative and Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria.

Ticarcillin sodium (Aerugipen hydrate) is a semisynthetic antibiotic with a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Metronidazole (acetic acid) is a metabolite derived from Metronidazole, exhibiting mutagenic activity in bacteria. As a nitroimidazole antibiotic, amebicide, and antiprotozoal agent, Metronidazole is specifically utilized against protozoa and anaerobic bacteria.

Sitafloxacin hydrochloride (DU6859a), a potent fluoroquinolone antibiotic with oral activity, demonstrates antichlamydial activity and a broad antibacterial spectrum against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, in addition to atypical pathogens. It is utilized in researching respiratory tract and urinary tract infections [1] [2].

Antibacterial compound 2 is a potent antimicrobial agent effective against many human veterinary pathogens, inhibiting multi-drug resistant staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci, as well as anaerobic bacteria.

Sancycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic that is more active than tetracycline against 339 strains of anaerobic bacteria (MIC90s = 1 and 32 μg/ml, respectively).

Secnidazole hemihydrate (RP-14539), an orally ingestible azole derivative antibiotic and imidazole-based Serratia marcescens virulence suppressor, analogously inhibits acylhomoserine lactones, mitigating Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity through quorum sensing (QS) disruption. This compound exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy against numerous anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in vitro. Its therapeutic application spans the study and treatment of ailments including amoebiasis, giardiasis, and bacterial vaginitis [1] [2] [3].

(6R,7S)-Cefminox sodium heptahydrate (Meicelin) is a broad-spectrum, bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotic. It is especially effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.

SC 28538 is a 5-nitroimidazolederivative which has been shown to be active against B. fragilis, C. perfringens, T. vaginalis, T. foetus, P.hominis and N. gonorrhoea in various in vitroscreening models. In comparative studies with284 strains of anaerobic bacteria SC 28538 wasfound to be as active as metronidazole or ornidazole.

Secnidazole (PM-185184) is a second-generation 5-nitroimidazole antimicrobial that is structurally related to other 5-nitroimidazoles including [DB00916] and [DB00911], but displays improved oral absorption and longer terminal elimination half-life than antimicrobial agents in this class [A27210]. Secnidazole is selective against many anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and protozoa.

Lincomycin hydrochloride (U10149A) is a lincosamide antibiotic identified in S.lincolnensis with activity against gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria.

Balofloxacin, a quinolone antibiotic, can inhibit the synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with the DNA gyrase.

Clinafloxacin (CI-960)(PD-127391) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

Ertapenem sodium (MK-826) is a new long-acting 1-β-methyl carbapenem antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum including common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and organisms with extended-spectrum β-lactamases.

Luminamicin is active against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridium sp.; isolated from actinomycete strain OMR-59.

Ceftiofur is a semisynthetic antibiotic, with activity against various gram-positive/negative, anaerobic and aerobic bacteria encountered by domestic animals.

Tinidazole (CP12574)a is a 5-nitroimidazole derivative with the antiprotozoal property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, it has been suggested that tinidazole is metabolized and yields nitrite anions and metronidazole. Metronidazole's nitro group, in turn, is reduced via the parasite ferredoxin, thereby generating a series of free nitro radicals including nitro anions. Toxicity is achieved via depletion of sulfhydryl groups and DNA strand breaks with multiple hits having an additive effect and ultimately leading to cell death.

Sitafloxacin (DU6859a) monohydrate is a potent, oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic with antichlamydial and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, and atypical pathogens. This compound is effective in researching respiratory and urinary tract infections [1] [2].

Cefminox (Sodium) is a new cephamycin antibiotic possessing a D-amino acid moiety derived from D-cysteine at the C-7B side chain. Cefminox is active against a wide range of bacteria, especially Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. Cefminox shows excellent in vivo efficacy (ED50) which is higher than would be expected from its in vitro activity (MIC). Moreover, cefminox possesses more potent activity in suppression of bacterial regrowth than other cephems[1]. Cefminox (Sodium) was the most active beta-lactam, with an MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50) of 1.0 microg/ml and an MIC90 of 16.0 microg/ml. Cefminox was especially active against Bacteroides fragilis (MIC90, 2.0 microg/ml), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (MIC90, 4.0 microg/ml), fusobacteria (MIC90, 1.0 microg/ml), peptostreptococci (MIC90, 2.0 microg/ml), and clostridia, including Clostridium difficile (MIC90, 2.0 microg/ml)[2]. The use of a single preoperative dose of cefminox was similar in efficacy to 3 doses of cefoxitin administered every 4 hours, and that the serum and tissue concentrations attained provide adequate antibiotic coverage[3]. Moreover, cefminox as a dual agonist of IP (Prostacyclin receptor) and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) that significantly inhibits PASMC proliferation by up-regulation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and cAMP ( cyclic adenosine monophosphate), suggesting that it has potential for treatment of PAH(pulmonary arterial hypertension)[4].

Cefotetan (Apacef) Sodium (ICI-156834, YM-09330) is a second-generation cephalosporin, cephamycin antibiotic that is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cefotetan binds to penicillin-binding proteins and disrupts the cell wall synthesis.