anti-nociceptive

Zolmitriptan (311C90) selectively binds to and activates serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptors expressed in intracranial arteries and 5-HT 1D receptors located on peripheral trigeminal sensory nerve terminals in the meninges and central terminals in brainstem sensory nuclei. Zolmitriptan is a member of the triptan class of agents with anti-migraine properties. Receptor binding results in constriction of cranial vessels, reduction of vessel pulsation and inhibition of nociceptive transmission, thereby providing relief of migraine headaches. Zolmitriptan may also relieve migraine headaches by inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.

beta-Escin is a natural mixture of triterpenoid saponins isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds, can be used as a vasoprotective anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and anti-nociceptive agent.

Vanillyl Alcohol (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) possesses anti-angiogenic, anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-nociceptive activities. Vanillyl alcohol can effectively inhibit the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced MN9D dopaminergic cells, it also can attenuate the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis.

Substance P (1-7) 2TFA(68060-49-1(free base)) is the major bioactive metabolite formed after proteolytic degradation of the tachykinin substance P (SP),with anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effects

Emorfazone (PH011085) has an anti-nociceptive effect.

Azadiradione (AZD) (AZD) from the methanolic extract of seeds of Azadirachta indica

Palvanil (Hexadecanamide) is a fast desensitizing agonist of TRPV1. it may be promising agents in the therapy of IBS since it modulates intestinal motility and reduces visceral pain.

1. Vitexin has antinociceptive and antispasmodic activities. 2. Vitexin exhibits a prominent first-pass effect. 3. Vitexin has antioxidant, antimyeloperoxidase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. 4. Vitexin can either inhibit or induce activities of

1. Bullatine A, a diterpenoid alkaloid of the genus Aconitum, possesses anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects, may be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as arthritis.

Oxysophocarpine is an alkaloid extracted from seaweed. It has neuroprotective and antinociceptive effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems.

σ1 Receptor antagonist-1 is a selective σ1 receptor antagonist.

3-Carene（Delta-3-Carene） is a bicyclic monoterpene extracted from western larch and Douglas-fir that acts as a phytofungicide.3-Carene inhibits inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression induced by nociceptive stimuli.3-Carene has anti-injury properties and promotes the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation.

BAY-1797 is an orally active and selective P2X4 antagonist (IC50: 211 nM against human P2X4) with anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. BAY-1797 displays no or very weak activity on the other P2X ion channels.

Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (Phytone) enhanced both the sticky materials production and cell growth, plays some role in the increase of sticky materials and cell growth.

Fursultiamine (Alinamin F) is a disulfide derivative of thiamine, or an allithiamine. It has potential uses in the treatment of vitamin B1 deficiency.

Sophocarpine, a major ingredient of Sophora alopecuroides, has a wide range of pharmacological effects.

Dolcanatide, an orally active guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist, exhibits laxative, anti-nociceptive, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is utilized in research concerning inflammatory bowel disease [1] [2].

SSTR4 agonist 4 is a potent SSTR4 agonist with potential applications in pain research. SSTR4 agonists demonstrate efficacy in rodent models of pain associated with acute and chronic anti-peripheral nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. SSTR4 is expressed at relatively high levels in the hippocampus and neocortex, regions involved in memory and learning, and in Alzheimer's disease pathology [1].

Vincristine binds to tubulin and inhibits the formation of microtubules, thereby inhibiting mitosis of the cancer cell. Vincristine can be used as a microtubule-destabilizing agent for research on the treatment of hematologic cancers, such as leukemia and

N(G)-Nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide is an anti-nociceptive in mice.

VVZ-149 is an antagonist of both serotonin receptor 2A (5HT2A) and glycine transporter type 2 (GlyT2), with potential anti-nociceptive activity.

Substance P(1-7) (Substance P 1-7) is the major bioactive metabolite formed after proteolytic degradation of the tachykinin substance P (SP),with anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effects