Tranilast (SB 252218), an antiallergic drug, suppresses lipid mediator and cytokine release from inflammatory cells, therefore utilized in the treatment of allergic disorders.

Vapitadine is a non-sedative antihistamine compound that relieves itching caused by atopic dermatitis.

Nafamostat mesylate (FUT-175), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, has been used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

1. Eriodictyol (Huazhongilexone) is a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. 2. Eriodictyol may possess antidiabetic properties through increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin resistance. 3. Eriodictyol may be a potential therapeutic resource for Atopic dermatitis and an adjunctive agent to control itchiness inAtopic dermatitis.

Rocatinlimab (AMG 451) (KHK4083) is a fully human, non-fucosylated IgG1 anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody indicated for atopic dermatitis (AD) research [1].

Alclometasone (7a-Chloro-16a-methyl prednisolone), a glucocorticoid, inhibits leukocytes from releasing pro-inflammatory mediators. It is effective in treating corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, allergic dermatitis, and eczema [1].

Telazorlimab (GBR-830) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the OX40 co-stimulatory receptor on activated T cells. Telazorlimab can be used to treat lupus erythematosus and atopic dermatitis.

GLPG2534 is an orally active, selective and potent IRAK4 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. GLPG2534 inhibits human and mouse IRAK4 and could be used to study psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

Nemolizumab (CIM331) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against human interleukin-31 receptor A that inhibits the binding and subsequent signal transduction of interleukin-31 (IL-31) to its receptor. Nemolizumab can be used to study atopic dermatitis with pruritus.

Spesolimab (BI 655130) is an anti-interleukin-36 receptor antibody. IL-36 plays an important role in the immune system and is associated with a reduction in biomarkers associated with congenital Th1/Th17 and neutrophil pathways. Spesolimab can be used to study systemic pustular psoriasis, palmar and plantar impetigo (PPP), and atopic dermatitis.

Ufenamate (Flufenamic acid butyl ester) is an anthranilic acid-based anti-inflammatory drug developed for skin diseases

BAY 1003803 is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist for the topical treatment of psoriasis or severe atopic dermatitis.

PA-8 is a small molecule receptor antagonist for PACAP Type I (PAC1) that is selective, effective, and orally active. PA-8 inhibits PacAP-induced CREB phosphorylation at PAC1- receptors, but does not inhibit VPAC1- or vpac2 receptors. PA-8 also inhibited PacAP-induced elevation of cAMP levels in vitro (IC50 = 2 nM) and PacAP-induced aversive response and mechanical atopic pain after intrathecal injection in vivo.

Tralokinumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody with a high affinity for IL-13 alone. Tralokinumab's potential anti-inflammatory activity prevents IL-13 receptor interaction and subsequent downstream signaling and can be used to study atopic dermatitis (AD).

Lysosphingomyelin is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid and a constituent of lipoproteins.1,2It is produced by the removal of the acyl group from sphingomyelin by a deacylase and acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate . D-erythroLysosphingomyelin is an agonist of the S1P receptors S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3(EC50s = 167.7, 368.1, and 482.6 nM, respectively, for the human receptors).3It is also an agonist of the orphan receptor ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (ORG1) that induces calcium accumulation in cells overexpressing OGR1 (EC50= ~35 nM).4Levels of D-erythrolysosphingomyelin are increased in skin isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis, as well as postmortem brain from patients with Niemann-Pick disease type A, but not type B.2,5L-threolysosphingomyelin is also an S1P1-3agonist (EC50s = 19.3, 131.8, and 313.3 nM, respectively).3This product is a mixture of D-erythroand L-threolysosphingomyelin. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1321] 1.Ito, M., Kurita, T., and Kita, K.A novel enzyme that cleaves the N-acyl linkage of ceramides in various glycosphingolipids as well as sphingomyelin to produce their lyso formsJ. Biol. Chem.270(41)24370-24374(1995) 2.Nixon, G.F., Mathieson, F.A., and Hunter, I.The multi-functional role of sphingosylphosphorylcholineProg. Lipid Res.47(1)62-75(2008) 3.Im, D.-S., Clemens, J., Macdonald, T.L., et al.Characterization of the human and mouse sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, S1P5 (Edg-8): Structure-activity relationship of sphingosine1-phosphate receptorsBiochemistry40(46)14053-14060(2001) 4.Meyer zu Heringdorf, D., Himmel, H.M., and Jakobs, K.H.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine-biological functions and mechanisms of actionBiochim. Biophys. Acta1582(1-3)178-189(2002) 5.Rodriguez-Lafrasse, C., and Vanier, M.T.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine in Niemann-Pick disease brain: Accumulation in type A but not in type BNeurochem. Res.24(2)199-205(1999)

Fezakinumab is a potent monoclonal antibody to interleukin-22 (IL-22). Fezakinumab can be used to study immune system diseases and inflammation-related conditions such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis.

C18 dihydro Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid and precursor in the de novo synthesis of C18 ceramide that lacks the 4,5-trans double bond. [1] Increased C18 dihydroceramide lipid levels lead to increased triacylglycerol storage and autophagosome accumulation as well as upregulation of the fibrosis markers α-SMA and FGF2 in Chang and LX-2 liver cells. C18 dihydro Ceramide is elevated in the plasma of pre-diabetics up to 9 years prior to the onset of type 2 diabetes. [2] It is also elevated in the skin of patients with lesional atopic dermatitis.[3]

Dupilumab (REGN-668) is a systemic immunomodulator for AD. Dupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor, which inhibits downstream signaling of IL-4 and IL-13 and has been shown to improve atopic dermatitis.

AWD 12-281 is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for the treatment of lung inflammation using inhalative administration. AWD 12-281 Is Active in a New Guinea-Pig Model of Allergic Skin Inflammation Predictive of Human Skin Penetration and Suppresses Both Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Mice. AWD 12-281 is a very promising drug candidate not only for the treatment of lung inflammation using inhalative administration but also for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Lokivetmab, an Anti-Canine IL31 Recombinant Antibody, is a monoclonal antibody targeting canine IL-31, utilized in research related to atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs [1].

Lepzacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, specifically targets JAK 1/3. It demonstrates an anti-inflammatory effect and efficacy in inhibiting atopic dermatitis as well as other skin diseases [1].

Tranilast Sodium has been used for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Tranilast is also used to autoimmune diseases, atopic and fibrotic pat.

Clocortolone pivalate, a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and corticosteroid ester, is used to treat seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis.

Pimecrolimus (SDZ-ASM 981), a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant, binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin.

Bepotastine Besilate (TAU 284) is a non-sedating and selective H1 receptor antagonist (pIC50: 5.7).

Benvitimod is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) potentially for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

PF-07038124 HCl is a selective and potent PDE4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.5 nM for PDE4B2.PF-07038124 HCl inhibits IL-13, IL-4, and IFNγ, and can be used in the study of skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis.

Rovazolac (ALX-101) is a liver x receptor (LXR) modulator used in the study of immune system disorders and atopic dermatitis.

Acreozast, a histamine release inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of asthma and atopic dermatitis.

RPT193 is an orally active CCR4 inhibitor that exhibits an inhibitory effect on the recruitment of Th2 inflammatory immune cells to inflammatory tissues and plays an important role in diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic inflammation.

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) is a fatty acid widely found in plants with antitumor and antiproliferative effects, inhibits the growth of xenograft tumor cells, and can be used in the study of inflammation-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and atopic dermatitis.

Lotamilast (RVT-501) is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) inhibitor (IC50: 2.8 nM) potentially for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Trans-Tranilast is an antiallergic drug developed by Kissei Pharmaceuticals. It was approved in 1982 for use in Japan and South Korea for bronchial asthma. Indications for keloid and hypertrophic scar were added in 1993. It has been used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Atinvicitinib, a pyrazole compound, exhibits promise for investigating atopic dermatitis.

Clobetasone butyrate, a synthetic glucocorticoid with topical anti-inflammatory activity, is effective in treating corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, especially within skin tissues.

As a tricyclic antidepressant, Doxepin inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Doxepin shows therapeutic effects on atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria that also improves cognitive processes as well as protect the central nervous system. Doxepin has anti-inflammatory effects and reduces oxidative stress[1] [2] [3].

Leramistat (HMC-C-01-A; MBS2320), a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor, plays a role in regulating cell and immune metabolism. It is effective in suppressing various conditions, including atopic dermatitis, autoimmune skin diseases, inflammatory disorders, cancer, and osteoclast-mediated diseases [1].

Cipamfylline is a xanthine, a theophylline analogue, and is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE-4). Cipamfylline was tested in patients with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and in two human models of acute and chronic irritant contact dermatitis. The outcome of the study revealed that cipamfylline was more effective than vehicle in treating atopic dermatitis, but less effective than a group II steroid, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate both in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. The absorption of cipamfylline and the subsequent systemic exposure might be the reason why further clinical studies with higher doses of cipamfylline have not been published.

Etokimab (Antibody ANB 020), a humanized monoclonal antibody, specifically targets IL-33. It is utilized in the research of atopic dermatitis [1].

AS1810722, a fused bicyclic pyrimidine derivative, is an orally active and potent inhibitor of STAT6, demonstrating an IC50 of 1.9 nM. It exhibits effective inhibition of CYP3A4, positioning it as a promising candidate for research into allergic diseases, including asthma and atopic conditions.

Bepotastine (Bepotastine free base) free base is a histamine 1 (H1) receptor antagonis.

Difamilast is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase IV.

3',4',7-Trihydroxyisoflavone is a soy isoflavone soy glycoside derivative and Cot (Tpl2/MAP3K8) and MKK4 inhibitor with anticancer, antiangiogenic and free radical scavenging properties.3',4',7-Trihydroxyisoflavone enhances memory effects through modulation of cholinergic function and BDNF signaling pathway in mice.3',4',7-Trihydroxyisoflavone can improve skin barrier function impaired by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids and can be used in the study of atopic dermatitis. 3',4',7-Trihydroxyisoflavone enhances memory effects by modulating cholinergic function and BDNF signaling pathway in mice. It can improve the skin barrier function impaired by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids, and can be used in the study of atopic dermatitis.

Alvircept sudotox, an anti-OX40 Ligand (OX40L) monoclonal antibody (mAb), disrupts the OX40-OX40L interaction and is used in atopic dermatitis research [1] [2] [3].

VTP-766 is an effective orally active and selective liver X receptor β (lxrβ) agonist, targeted to treat atopic dermatitis and acute coronary syndrome.

LEO-29102 is a potent, selective, and soft-drug phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, which may be potentially useful for treatment of dermatological diseases. LEO 29102 shows properties suitable for patient-friendly formulations giving efficient drug delivery to the skin. LEO-29102 has reached phase 2 and demonstrated clinically relevant efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

LEO 39652, a dual-soft PDE4 inhibitor, demonstrates potent inhibition of PDE4 subtypes A, B, C, and D with respective IC50 values of 1.2 nM, 1.2 nM, 3.0 nM, and 3.8 nM. Additionally, it inhibits TNF-α with an IC50 of 6.0 nM, indicating its potential for topical Atopic dermatitis (AD) research [1].