leu 1

E-2078, known chemically as (N-Me-Tyr1,N-Me-Arg7,D-Leu-NHEt8)-Dynorphin A (1-8), is a stable analog of Dynorphin A (1–8) and functions as a kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist [1].

(D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,L-Leu11)-Substance P (acetate), an antagonist for Substance P and Bombesin, modulates ocular inflammatory responses triggered by antidromic trigeminal nerve stimulation [1].

Acetyl-(D-Phe2,Lys15,Arg16,Leu27)-VIP(1-7)-GRF(8-27) is a selective antagonist [1] for the vasoactive intestinal peptide 1 (VIP 1) receptor.

Tnrnflrfamide is a SCP (small cardioactive peptide)-like peptide found in lobster neurons; exhibits FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity.

Suc-Leu-Tyr-AMC Acetate inhibited casein decomposition at high concentrations.

[D-Leu6, Val7]-LH-RH (1-9) Ethyl Amide is a LHRH peptide analogue.

(D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,L-Leu11)-Substance P is a neuropeptide Substance P antagonist [1] .

N-Formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys TFA (For-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys-OH (TFA)) (For-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys-OH TFA) is a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonist[1].Potent chemoattractant for human neutrophils.Radioiodinated molecule has full biological activity.

Mastoparan acetate is a peptide toxin from wasp venom. It has the chemical structure Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ile-Leu-NH2.

Acetyl Angiotensinogen (1-14), porcine Acetate is a peptide with the sequence AC-ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE-HIS-PRO-PHE-HIS-LEU-LEU-VAL-TYR-SER-OH. The protein encoded by the Angiotensinogen gene is known as pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor.

Cadherin Peptide, avian Acetate is a peptide with the sequence Leu-Arg-Ala-His-Ala-Val-Asp-Val-Asn-Gly-NH2. Cadherins are a class of type-1 transmembrane proteins.

Preptin, an osteogenic peptide derived from pancreatic beta-cells, spans amino acids Asp 69 to Leu 102 within pro-IGF-II [1].

Z-Gly-Pro-Phe-Leu-CHO (Z-GPFL-CHO) is a tetrapeptide aldehyde serving as a selective and potent proteasome inhibitor, demonstrating inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.5 µM, 2.3 µM, and 40.5 µM for branched-chain amino acid-preferred, small neutral amino acid-preferred, and chymotrypsin-like activities, respectively, and an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.1 µM for peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing activity [1].

The sPLA2-IIA Inhibitor is a cyclic pentapeptide analog of FLSYK, specifically cyclic 2-Nal-Leu-Ser-2-Nal-Arg (c2), which interacts with human IIA phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) to impede its ester bond hydrolyzing function. As part of the esterase superfamily, sPLA2 enzymatically cleaves the sn-2 ester bond in glycerophospholipids, releasing arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids[1].

[Leu27]-Melan-A, MART-1 (26-35), is a biologically active peptide modified by substituting leucine for alanine at position 27, which enhances its HLA-A*0201 binding, immunogenicity, and antigenicity compared to the natural peptide. Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, arising from the spontaneous cyclization of glutamine (Q) or glutamic acid (E) at the N-terminus, are a recognized subset of peptides that may confer increased stability due to the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu. These pGlu peptides are typically included during peptide purity assessments in HPLC analysis.

[D-Ala2] Leu-Enkephalinamide, an enkephalin analog, exhibits significant corneal permeability and analgesic properties, making it suitable for ocular disease research [1] [2].

D-Val-Leu-Lys-chloromethylketone, a tripeptide, functions as an anticoagulant [1].

Ac-DNLD-CHO (Ac-Asp-Asn-Leu-Asp-CHO) is an inhibitor of Caspase-3/7, exhibiting IC50 values of 9.89 nM and 245 nM, and approximate Ki values of 0.68 nM and 55.7 nM, respectively. This compound is utilized in the study of diseases associated with caspase-mediated apoptosis, including neurodegenerative and viral infection diseases [1].

Hymenistatin I, a cyclic octapeptide [c-(-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Val-Pro-Leu-Ile-Ile-Ile-)], exhibits immunosuppressive effects on both humoral and cellular immune responses [1].

H-Leu-Leu-Ala-OH, a tripeptide consisting of two L-leucine residues linked to L-alanine via peptide bonds, exhibits antioxidant activities [1].

Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-LLL-FMK) functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor and has been shown to impede SARS infection. Furthermore, it affords protection to mice when challenged with T. crassiceps [1] [2].

H-Arg-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Gly-OH is a competitive inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase [1].

H-Pro-Thr-Glu-Phe-p-nitro-Phe-Arg-Leu-OH is a water-soluble polypeptide capable of acting as a substrate for enzymes cathepsin D, pepsin, and pepsinogen, holding potential applications in biochemical analysis [1] [2].

WT-1 A1 is an attractive target for immunotherapy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Ac-Leu-Leu-Norleucinol (ALLN), a calpain inhibitor, is employed in the research of Acetaminophen-induced acute liver damage. It effectively reduces levels of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (AST) [1].

H-Leu-Trp-Met-Arg-OH, a tetrapeptide, serves as a substrate for studies on aminopeptidase-mediated hydrolysis [1].

Ac-Leu-Val-Lys-Aldehyde is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin B, exhibiting inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4 nM. It notably diminishes cell death in the striatum induced by quinolinic acid and leads to the accumulation of LC3-II [1].

Z-Leu-Leu-Tyr-COCHO is a potent inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like activity, exhibiting a Ki value of 3.0 nM [1].

[D-Leu-4]-OB3 suppresses the expression of genes associated with inflammation, proliferation, and metastasis, as well as the expression of PD-L1. Additionally, it promotes the expression of genes that induce apoptosis [1].

N-Myristoyl-Lys-Arg-Thr-Leu-Arg is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 value of 75 μM. It effectively inhibits IL-2 receptor induction and IL-2 production in the human leukemic cell line Jurkat [1].

Hippuryl-His-Leu-OH serves as a substrate to measure angiotensin I converting enzyme activity. Upon its cleavage, the resultant His-Leu moiety reacts with o-phthaldialdehyde or Fluorescamine, facilitating fluorescence detection [1] [2] [3].

Substance P (alligator), a neuropeptide derived from alligator, possesses a primary structure delineated as Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 [1].

Z-Leu-Tyr-Chloromethylketone is a calpain inhibitor [1].

N-Boc-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe (Boc-FLFLF) (Boc-FLFLF) is a formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) antagonist, which increases pain effects and inhibits antinociceptive activity of annexin. Boc-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe is used extensively in FPR research.

H-Leu-Ser-Lys-Leu-OH (LSYL), a latency-associated peptide located at the amino terminus of LAP, exhibits an inhibitory effect on TGF-β1 activation. By binding with KRFK, it obstructs TGF-β1 signal transduction, thereby inhibiting the advancement of hepatic damage and fibrosis [1].

Suc-Ala-Leu-Pro-Phe-pNA (Suc-ALPF-pNA), a substrate for FK-506 binding protein (FKBP) [1], showcases the intricate interactions necessary for specific biochemical assays.

(D-Phe6,Leu-NHEt13,des-Met14)-Bombesin (6-14), a bombesin (BBN) antagonist, holds potential for cancer research applications [1].

{Boc}-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe TFA is a selective antagonist of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family, effectively inhibiting actions mediated by FPR [1].

Adrenomedullin (AM) (1-12), human, is a peptide with the sequence Tyr-Arg-Gln-Ser-Met-Asn-Asn-Phe-Gln-Gly-Leu-Arg. Adrenomedullin (AM) (1-12), human, was initially identified as a vasodilator, and as such, it has the ability to relax vascular tone. Other

Ac-PLVE-FMK (Ac-Pro-Leu-Val-Glu(OMe)-CH2F), a tetrapeptidyl fluoromethylketone (FMKs), serves as a cathepsin inhibitor. It is utilized in cancer research [1].

Lys-Arg-Thr-Leu-Arg-Arg (KRTLRR), a hexapeptide, serves as a substrate for protein kinase C associated with the EGF receptor and facilitates the determination of the enzyme's activity [1].

Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 is a C-terminal tripeptide of Substance P ( Substance P ). Substance P is a neuropeptide [1] .

Mastoparan is a peptide toxin from wasp venom. It has the chemical structure Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ile-Leu-NH2.