microscopy

2-NBDG is a fluorescent indicator for direct glucose uptake measurement. It is an indicator of cell viability.

BODIPY FL prazosin is a potent α1-adrenergic antagonist that inhibits both α1a-AR and α1b-AR. BODIPY FL prazosin is a fluorescent ligand (λEx (nm)/ λEm (nm): 485/535) that is often used in conjunction with flow cytometry or confocal laser scanning microscopy to study α1-adrenergic subtypes and cell imaging. cellular imaging.

Ruthenium Red (Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride) is a polycationic dye widely used for electron microscopy (EM) of cells, tissues and vegetative bacteria. Ruthenium red strongly reacts with phospholipids and fatty acids and binds to acidic mucopolysaccharides. Ruthenium red is a L-type calcium current (ICa) blocker, blocks Ca2+ uptake and release, and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels

Propidium Iodide (PI) is a red fluorescent dye that can be used for cell staining and is suitable for fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorometer analysis. In aqueous solution, the Ex/Em of Propidium Iodide is 493/636 nm. And after binding with nucleic acid, the Ex/Em of PI-nucleic acid becomes 535/617 nm, while the fluorescence signal is enhanced 20-30 times.

5(6)-FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate), or Fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate, is a versatile amine-reactive derivative of fluorescein dye. It serves as an effective label for antibodies and other probes, finding utility in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence-based assays such as ELISA and Western blotting.

eGFP mRNA-LNP is a lipid nanoparticle encapsulating eGFP mRNA, designed for assessments of RNA delivery, translation efficiency, and cell viability. The eGFP mRNA, once internalized by cells, expresses Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP), facilitating detection through fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry [1].

Chol-N3 is a bioorthogonal chol probe capable of integrating with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRM) to enable direct nanoscale imaging of lipid heterogeneity on resting living cell surfaces [1]. As a click chemistry reagent with an azide group, Chol-N3 undergoes copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with alkyne-bearing molecules and can also participate in strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with DBCO or BCN group-containing molecules.

ATTO 425 NHS ester, a Rhodamine-structure-based fluorescent marker, exhibits strong absorption, high fluorescence quantum yield, and robust thermal and photochemical stability. This compound is ideal for applications in single molecule detection and high-resolution microscopy. As an NHS ester derivative of ATTO 425, it serves as a versatile labeling agent for proteins and antibodies.

BDP FL maleimide, a thiol-reactive dye (Ex: 503 nm; Em: 509 nm), is utilized for protein labeling and peptide modification, serving as an alternative to fluorescein (FAM) in microscopy applications [1].

Janelia Fluor 585, SE (JF585, SE) is an orange fluorescent dye containing an NHS ester that can be conjugated with primary amine groups. Janelia Fluor 585, SE can be used immediately for structured illumination (SIM) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging and could be converted to photoactivatable derivative for single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) experiments.

PA Janelia Fluor 646, SE (PA-JF646-NHS), a photoactivatable fluorescent dye, is an NHS ester for coupling to primary amine groups. PA-JF646-NHS is non-fluorescent until activated at 365 nm. NHS ester can be converted to relevant substrate for use in self-labeling tag systems, e.g.HaloTag and SNAP-tag . PA-JF646-NHS is used for single molecule tracking and super resolution microscopy in live cells, specifically live cell sptPALM and fixed cell PALM. (λ Excitation/emission ~650/664 nm).

Fluo-3 and its derivative, Fluo3/AM, serve as fluorescent indicators for intracellular calcium (Ca2+), facilitating detection through flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy with visible light excitation (compatible with argon laser sources at 488 nm). Upon binding to calcium, these compounds exhibit a fluorescence intensity increase of approximately 40-fold.

eGFP circRNA-LNP, a lipid nanoparticle comprising eGFP circRNA, facilitates studies of RNA delivery, translation efficiency, and cell viability. This compound includes Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) for expression within cells, detectable via fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry [1].

Bdp TR NHS Ester is a chemiluminescent coupling agent featuring an extended excited state lifetime, ideal for applications in immunoassays, microscopy, and fluorescence polarization analysis. This compound efficiently and specifically reacts with primary amine groups, including lysine residues or amino silane-coated surfaces, facilitating covalent bond formation under neutral or mildly basic conditions [1].

Calcium measurement is critical for numerous biological investigations. Fluorescent probes that show spectral responses upon binding calcium have enabled researchers to investigate changes in intracellular free calcium concentrations by using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microplate readers. Fluo-3 and Fluo-4 are most commonly used among the visible light-excitable calcium indicators. Fluo-4, pentasodium salt is an analog of fluo-3 with the two chlorine substituents replaced by fluorines, which results in increased fluorescence excitation at 488 nm and consequently higher fluorescence signal levels.

Calcium measurement is critical for numerous biological investigations. Fluorescent probes that show spectral responses upon binding calcium have enabled researchers to investigate changes in intracellular free calcium concentrations by using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microplate readers. Fluo-3 and Fluo-4 are most commonly used among the visible light-excitable calcium indicators. Fluo-4, pentaammonium salt is an analog of fluo-3 with the two chlorine substituents replaced by fluorines, which results in increased fluorescence excitation at 488 nm and consequently higher fluorescence signal levels.

Acridine Orange Base, a cell-permeable fluorescent dye, selectively stains organisms (bacteria, parasites, viruses, etc.) bright orange and differentiates human cells in green under specific conditions (pH=3.5, Ex=460 nm), facilitating their detection via fluorescence microscopy. It exhibits green fluorescence upon binding to dsDNA (Ex=488, Em=520-524) and turns red with ssDNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644) or ssRNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644), making it useful in cell cycle assays [1] [2] [3].

Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) is a cell-permeant fluorogenic dye most often used as a conjugate to antibodies and proteins for fluorescence detection in microscopy. It displays excitation/emission maxima of 570/595 nm, respectively, and can be used in conjunction with immunohistochemistry for multi-labeling studies. It has also been used as an anterograde and retrograde tracer in neurons and in nanoparticles to detect apoptosis.

Calcium measurement is critical for numerous biological investigations. Fluorescent probes that show spectral responses upon binding calcium have enabled researchers to investigate changes in intracellular free calcium concentrations by using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microplate readers. Fluo-3 and Fluo-4 are most commonly used among the visible light-excitable calcium indicators. Fluo-4, pentapotassium salt is an analog of fluo-3 with the two chlorine substituents replaced by fluorines, which results in increased fluorescence excitation at 488 nm and consequently higher fluorescence signal levels.

Indo-1 (potassium salt) is a ratiometric fluorescent calcium indicator. It is ideal for analyses using flow cytometry, as it uses a single excitation source, typically 349-364 nm light from an argon-ion laser. The emission maximum shifts from 475-485 nm without calcium to 400-410 nm when Indo-1 (potassium salt) binds calcium. Indo-1 (potassium salt) is prone to photobleaching, which limits its usefulness in methods involving microscopy.

BDP TR azide, a click chemistry reagent featuring an azide group, readily undergoes reactions with alkynes, DBCO, and BCN. Additionally, this compound functions as a fluorescent dye suitable for applications in fluorescence polarization assays and microscopy.

Cal Green 1 is a cell-impermeant fluorescent calcium indicator that is characterized by high quantum yield and low phototoxicity. Its peak excitation and emission wavelengths (506 and 531 nm, respectively) are comparable to standard fluorescein dyes, making Cal Green 1 appropriate for fluorescent microscopy. Cal Green 1 is ~5-fold brighter than fluo-3 at saturating calcium levels.

Calcium measurement is critical for numerous biological investigations. Fluorescent probes that show spectral responses upon binding calcium have enabled researchers to investigate changes in intracellular free calcium concentrations by using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microplate readers. Fluo-3, pentaammonium salt is most commonly used among the visible light-excitable calcium indicators.

5-CFDA (5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate)(5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate) is membrane-permeant. It can be loaded into cells via incubation and hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 5-carboxyfluorescein that is used for labeling human intervertebral disk cells in vitro for fluorescence microscopy.

Direct Red 80 (Sirius Red) is a tetra azo dye. It can be used to detect amyloid and can magnify the usual birefringence of collagen fibers in tissue sections.

Calcium measurement is critical for numerous biological investigations. Fluorescent probes that show spectral responses upon binding calcium have enabled researchers to investigate changes in intracellular free calcium concentrations by using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microplate readers. Fluo-3, pentasodium salt is most commonly used among the visible light-excitable calcium indicators.

6-CFDA (6-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate) is fluorescent polyanionic probe that used to measure changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and processes such as dendrimer aggregation and absorption.

Indo-1 (sodium salt) is a ratiometric fluorescent calcium indicator. It is ideal for analyses using flow cytometry, as it uses a single excitation source, typically 349-364 nm light from an argon-ion laser. The emission maximum shifts from 475-485 nm without calcium to 400-410 nm when Indo-1 (sodium salt) binds calcium. Indo-1 (sodium salt) is prone to photobleaching, which limits its usefulness in methods involving microscopy.

BODIPY 505/515 is a lipophilic fluorescent probe that localises to intracellular liposomes and has been used to label lipid droplets.BODIPY 505/515 has been used in electron microscopy, epifluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry applications for various algal species.

sCy5DL-amide is a fluorescent D-amino acid designed for peptidoglycan labeling across a broad spectrum of bacteria, encompassing gram-positive, gram-negative, and mycobacteria strains. It demonstrates exceptional incorporation into the Gram-positive B.subtilis. This compound enables the imaging of labeled bacteria using single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), also known as PALM or STORM, with excitation/emission maxima at 646/666 nm.

sCy5DA, a fluorescent D-amino acid, is designed for annotating peptidoglycans in live bacteria, facilitating the imaging of a broad spectrum of bacterial types, including gram-positive, gram-negative, and mycobacteria, with notably efficient incorporation into gram-negative C. crescentus. This compound allows the bacteria it labels to be visualized through single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM; known as PALM or STORM), with excitation/emission maxima reported at 646/665 nm.

5(6)-CFDA (5-(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate) is a cell-permeant esterase substrate that can serve as a viability probe that measures both enzymatic activities, which is required to activate its fluorescence, and cell-membrane integrity, which is required for intracellular retention of their fluorescent product.

Methyl Green Zinc Chloride, a potent fluorescent dye, is utilized for staining DNA in cells and electrophoretic gels. It serves as a direct measure of viability through microscopy and flow cytometry, exhibiting peaks at 633 and 677 nm [1] [2]. For storage, it should be protected from light.

HBC (HBC 530) 530 is a mimic of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorophore for imaging RNA in live cells. Fluoresces when bound to Pepper aptamer; displays high affinity binding (Kd = 3.5 nM). Suitable for confocal and two-photon microscopy. Confocal excitation maximum = 488 nm, emission maximum= 495 - 595 nm. Two-photon excitation maximum = 976 nm, emission maximum= 475 - 575 nm.

Methyl Green, a potent fluorescent dye, serves as a DNA stain for cells and electrophoretic gels. It facilitates direct measurement of viability via microscopy and flow cytometry, exhibiting peaks at 633 and 677 nm [1] [2]. For storage, it is imperative to protect Methyl Green from light.

Calcium measurement is critical for numerous biological investigations. Fluorescent probes that show spectral responses upon binding calcium have enabled researchers to investigate changes in intracellular free calcium concentrations by using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microplate readers. Fluo-3, pentapotassium salt is most commonly used among the visible light-excitable calcium indicators.