neurotoxin

Neurotoxin Inhibitor is an inhibitor of neurotoxin.

DSP-4 hydrochloride (Neurotoxin DSP 4 (hydrochloride)) (Neurotoxin DSP 4 hydrochloride) can be used for the temporary selective degradation of the central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons, mainly those from the locus coeruleus (LC). is a highly selective neurotoxin and readily passes the blood-brain barrier with neurotoxic effects on noradrenergic neurons of adult and developing rats,

MPP+ iodide, the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA)

MPTP hydrochloride is a precursor of MPP+, a dopamine neurotoxin with blood-brain barrier permeability. MPTP hydrochloride is toxic to dopaminergic neurons, which can lead to Parkinson's disease, and is widely used in the construction of animal models of Parkinson's disease.

2,4-Difluorobenzaldehyde can act on the light chain of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT A), inhibiting the cleavage of BoNT A light chain, ic50=4.9μM.

3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid (2-Oxoisovaleric acid) is an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a keto-acid, which is a subclass of organic acids. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis.

λ-Cyhalothrin (Icon) is a type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide featuring a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum formula with an α-cyano group. It is employed across various applications for controlling a wide array of pests. As a neurotoxin, λ-Cyhalothrin acts on sodium channels in neuron membranes within the central nervous system.

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is an abnormal metabolite, a neurotoxin and a metabolic toxin.

Apamin acetate (Apamine acetate) is a selective Ca2+-activated blocker of K+ (SK) channels, an 18-amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in bee toxins.Apamin acetate enhances synapse growth and regeneration following laceration injury to cortical neurons.Apamin acetate has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.

Sabeluzole (R-58735) has antiepileptic and cognitive enhancing effects, inhibits neurotoxin-induced tau expression and cell death.Sabeluzole is protective against chlordiazepoxide-induced habituation disorders and may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

Porphobilinogen act as a phytotoxin, a metabotoxin, and a neurotoxin.

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is an abnormal metabolite, a neurotoxin and a metabolic toxin.

3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is an abnormal metabolite from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids. It acts as a neurotoxin, acidogen, and metabotoxin, with the potential to cause nerve cell damage and various metabolic disturbances.

Acrylamide-2,3,3-d3 is a deuterated compound of Acrylamide. Acrylamide has a CAS number of 79-06-1. Acrylamide is a member of the class of acrylamides. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, a neurotoxin, a mutagen, an alkylating agent and a Maillard reaction product

BoNT-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of Botulinum neurotoxin A light chain (BoNTA LC) with an IC50 of 0.9 µM.

AaHI, a neurotoxin sourced from the venom of the North African scorpion Androctonus australis hector, serves as a research tool for creating agents with the ability to neutralize toxins [1].

Spinoxin, a 34-residue peptide neurotoxin extracted from the venom of Heterometrus spinifer, is characterized by four disulfide bridges. It acts as a potent inhibitor of the Kv1.3 potassium channel with an IC 50 value of 63 nM. This compound is regarded as a promising molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of a range of autoimmune disorders and cancers [1].

Apamin (Apamine) is an 18 amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom) that selectively blocks Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity. This component of bee venom is strongly basic in nature.

Calciseptine, a neurotoxin isolated from the Black Mamba (Dendroaspis p. polylepis) venom, comprises 60 amino acids and is stabilized by four disulfide bonds. It specifically targets and blocks L-type calcium channels [1].

The compound 4A7C-301-Nurr1 agonist is a specific agonist for the nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1). By binding to the Nurr1 ligand-binding domain with an IC50 value of 48.22 nM, it enhances the transcriptional activity of both Nurr1-LBD and the full-length Nurr1, as demonstrated in reporter assays using SK-N-BE(2)C human neuroblastoma cells, with EC50 values of 6.53 and 50-70 µM, respectively. Additionally, administration of 4A7C-301-Nurr1 agonist at a dosage of 5 mg/kg per day has been shown to mitigate dopaminergic cell death in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta and ameliorate motor and olfactory deficits in mouse models of Parkinson's disease, circumventing the induction of dyskinesia-like behaviors. These models were induced either by the neurotoxin MPTP or by overexpression of α-synuclein.

NSC-84096 is an endopeptidase activity inhibitor of botulinum neurotoxin type A light chain (rBoNT/A-LC).

Peptide neurotoxin; wide spectrum blocker of N, P and Q type calcium channels.

BmK-M1, a scorpion-derived toxin, consists of a 64-amino acid polypeptide stabilized by four disulfide bridges. This compound functions as an inhibitor of the Na+ channel, classifying it as both a cardiotoxin and a neurotoxin [1].

1R-cis-Permethrin, an insecticide and neurotoxin, acts on neuron membranes by extending the activation of sodium channels [1].

DSP 4 is a selective neurotoxin selective for noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system and capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier and cyclizes to a reactive aziridinium derivative that is accumulated into the noradrenergic ne

Lolitrem A is a neurotoxin from staggers-producing ryegrass pastures.

Tinyatoxin is a neurotoxin that works through vanillin receptors on sensory nerves.

This amino acids187 to 203 fragment is derived from the C-terminal helix of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25). This peptide is able to rescue exocytosis from botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT/E)-treated cells, albeit at higher concentrations

Huwentoxin-IV TFA is a potent, selective blocker of sodium channels, specifically inhibiting neuronal Nav1.7, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, and Nav1.4 with IC50 values of 26, 150, 338, and 400 nM, respectively. It preferentially targets the peripheral nerve subtype Nav1.7 by interacting with neurotoxin receptor site 4, demonstrating analgesic effects in animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain [1] [2].

Peptide neurotoxin; selectively and reversibly blocks N-type calcium channels (IC50 = 0.15 nM). Reduces (RS)-3,5-DHPG -induced long term depression in vivo.

Neurotoxin that blocks neuromuscular transmission via irreversible inhibition of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). Prevents opening of nicotinic receptor-associated ion channels and is selective for α7 receptors over α3β4 receptors (IC50 values are 1.6 nM

Selective NaV1.7 channel blocker. Preferentially inhibits neuronal NaV1.7, 1.2 and 1.3 (IC50 values are 26, 150 and 338 nM respectively), compared to muscle subtypes NaV1.4 and 1.5 (IC50 = >10 μM). Inhibits the channel by binding at the neurotoxin recepto

Pi-Methylimidazoleacetic acid hydrochloride is a potential neurotoxin.

α-Pompilidotoxin (α-PMTX), a neurotoxin sourced from Anoplius samanensis venom, reversibly and dose-dependently enhances excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), serving as a valuable tool in neuroscience research [1].

Nereistoxin (Nereistoxine), a neurotoxin derived from Lumbriconereis heteropoda, a marine annelid, functions by inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors [1].

Methiocarb, a carbamate pesticide, is used as an insecticide, acaricide, bird repellent, and molluscicide. Methiocarb stimulates cholinergic by inhibiting reversibly acetylcholinesterase activity, making methiocarb a potent neurotoxin.

C562-1101 is a novel potent botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (BoNT/E) inhibitor.

Methylaminoalanine-nickel(II) can be regarded as a naturally occurring neurotoxin.

Levadopa Related Compound A is the 6-hydroxy derivative of the amino acid L-DOPA with neurotoxic properties. Exogenously administered 6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA is biotransformed by an amino acid decarboxylase to the highly potent and catecholamine-selective neurot

Pi-Methylimidazoleacetic acid, considered a potential neurotoxin, targets the nervous system and may pose significant health risks when absorbed or metabolized within biological systems.

Jingzhaotoxin-II, a neurotoxin composed of 32 amino acid residues featuring two acidic and two basic residues, selectively inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC), notably slowing the rapid inactivation of TTX-resistant (TTX-R) VGSC in cardiac myocytes, with an IC50 of 0.26 μM [1].

Dendrotoxin-I, a neurotoxin from Dendroaspis snake venom, potently blocks K⁺ channels, specifically targeting voltage-gated potassium channel subunits KV1.1 and KV1.2 [1] [2] [3].

β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine hydrochloride (L-BMAA hydrochloride) is a neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria that may contribute to the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.

α-Latrotoxin, a potent neurotoxin derived from black widow spider venom, induces synaptic vesicle exocytosis at presynaptic nerve terminals [1].

CBIP is a small-molecule inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain (BoNT/A LC). CBIP possesses low micromolar activity against BoNT/A.

D-Ibotenic Acid is a chemical compound and psychoactive drug which occurs naturally in Amanita muscaria and related species of mushrooms typically found in the temperate and boreal regions of the northern hemisphere. It is a conformationally-restricted analogue of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and due to its structural similarity to this neurotransmitter, acts as a non-selective glutamate receptor agonist. Because of this, ibotenic acid can be a powerful neurotoxin, and is employed as a brain-lesioning agent through cranial injections in scientific research.

Nephilatoxin 7 is a neurotoxin of the Joro spider (Nephila clavata).

Tecoram is a dithiocarbamate and a possible neurotoxin.

BoNT-IN-33 is a potent inhibitor of Botulinum neurotoxin/A light chain (BoNT/A LC).

ω-Hexatoxin-Hv1a, a neurotoxin extracted from the venom of the spider Hadronyche versuta, inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels [1] [2].