cognitive impairment

Amantadine hydrochloride (CI-719) is an antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A and Parkinson disease.

Amantadine (1-Aminoadamantane) is an antiviral, is a weak antagonist of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor, increases dopamine release, and blocks dopamine reuptake.

1. Nootkatone can provide effective tick control. 2. (+)-Nootkatone has antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet activities. 3. Nootkatone can prevent obesity and improve physical performance through AMPK activation in skeletal muscle and liver.

TZ3O is an anticholinergic compound with neuroprotective activity.TZ3O ameliorates memory impairment and cognitive decay in Scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's type model in rats, and can be used in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

BL-1020 Mesylate (CYP-1020 Mesylate) is an orally available GABA A receptor agonist and D2 antagonist that decreases dopamine activity and enhances GABAA activity.BL-1020 Mesylate has been used in the study of schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and bi-directional cognitive impairment.

CP-810123 is a new alpha 7 nAChR agonist for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with psychiatric or neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

PF 03654746 FA is a human histamine receptor H(3) antagonist that can be used to study cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

SIB-1553A hydrochloride is an orally available, selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist and a selective neuronal nAChR ligand.SIB-1553A hydrochloride enhances cognition and may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment.

Propentofylline (Hextol) is a methylxanthine derivative with neuroprotective, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activity and enhanced synaptic adenosine signaling, which may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive impairment, dementia, and chronic pain.

IM156 (HL156A; HL271 acetate) is a chemical derivative of Metformin. IM156 is a potent and orally active AMPK activator that increases AMPK phosphorylation. IM156 attenuates aging-associated cognitive impairment in animal model [1] [2]. IM156 is a potent oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor which is able to be used for the research of solid tumors [3].

PF-04859989 HCl is a brain-penetrable irreversible inhibitor of kynurenine amino transferase II (KAT II), the enzyme responsible for most of the brain synthesis of kynurenic acid. PF-04859989 HCl has been implicated in several psychiatric and neurological

Tenuifoliside B is a natural product from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia.And is a target lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Tenuifoliside B has cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects. it can inhibit potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

CX516 (Ampalex), an ampakine and nootropic, acts as an AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator as a therapy for Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Polygalacic acid (Virgaureagenin G)(PA) significantly improves cholinergic system reactivity, as indicated by decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increases choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and elevates levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, PA also significantly ameliorates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in mice; suggest that PA might exert a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, driven in part by the modulation of cholinergic activity and neuroinflammation. Polygalacic acid shows significant postingestive effects on Spodoptera littoralis larvae.

Encenicline (EVP-6124) is a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) agonist being developed to treat cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

HL271, a derivative of metformin, is a potent AMPK activator that increases AMPK phosphorylation. HL271 attenuates aging-associated cognitive impairment.

1. Obtusifolin has antioxidant properties and improves chemically induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress. 2. Obtusifolin suppresses phthalate esters-mediated bone resorption, thus may be a novel anti-breast-cancer bone me

(±)-PPCC is a sigma-1 agonist that interacts with sigma-1 receptors (Ki=1.5 nM). (±)-PPCC has anti-amnestic effects in rats with cognitive impairment and can improve cognitive abilities in rats.

S 17092 (S 17092-1) is a potent inhibitor of cerebral prolyl-endopeptidase (PEP) with an IC50 value of 1.2 nM, used in research on memory impairment and cognitive disorders related to cerebral aging [1].

Mumefural, a bioactive compound found in the processed fruit of Prunus mume Sieb., inhibits platelet aggregation, exhibits anti-thrombotic properties, and ameliorates cognitive impairment [1] [2].

PD146176 (NSC-168807) is an inhibitor of 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LO) , it inhibits rabbit reticulocyte 15-LO with Ki of 197 nM and IC50 of 0.54 μM. PD146176 reverses cognitive impairment, brain amyloidosis, and tau pathology by stimulating autophagy in aged triple transgenic mice.

Pratensein as a novel transcriptional up-regulator of scavenger receptor class B type I in HepG2 cells.

Nevadistinel (NYX-458; NYX-3054) is a positive allosteric modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, indicated for mitigating cognitive deficits related to neurodegenerative conditions, including mild cognitive impairment, mild Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Lewy body disease [1].

WAY-215718 is an active molecule. It is a potent and selective serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, exhibiting significant efficacy in targeting cognitive impairment and memory enhancement [5HT6]. Its pharmacological profile includes high binding affinity and specificity to the 5-HT6 receptor, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.

UCM-1306 is a potent and orally active allosteric modulator (PAM) of the human dopamine D1 receptor. It increases the maximal effect of endogenous dopamine (DA) in both human and mouse D1 receptors. UCM-1306 could improve motor symptoms and address key comorbid cognitive impairment associated with long-term Parkinson's disease (PD).

Lecanemab (BAN-2401) is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting soluble aggregated β-amyloid (Abeta) with activity against oligomers, protofibrils, and insoluble protofibrils, and may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-induced mild cognitive impairment and mild AD dementia.

Risevistinel (NYX-783), a positive allosteric modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, may mitigate cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative conditions, including mild cognitive impairment, mild Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Lewy body disease [1].

11β-HSD1-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD1, displaying IC50 values of 0.48 µM for human and 1.3 µM for murine variants, respectively. It exhibits competitive interaction with rat 11β-HSD1. This compound holds potential utility in research focused on obesity, hyperglycemia, and cognitive impairment.

11β-HSD1-IN-10, a potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD1 with an IC50 value of 1.8 µM for humans, is suitable for research into obesity, hyperglycemia, and cognitive impairment.

Irdabisant (CEP-26401) (CEP-26401) is a selective, orally active and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant antagonist inverse agonist of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) (rat H3R Ki= 7.2 nM, human H3R Ki= 2.0 nM). Irdabisant exhibits relatively low inhibitory activity against hERG current (IC50= 13.8 μM). Irdabisant exhibits cognition-enhancing and wake-promoting activities in the rat social recognition model. Irdabisant can be used for research on schizophrenia or cognitive impairment.

ASP2535 is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, brain-permeable, and centrally-active glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) inhibitor that can improve cognitive impairment in animal models of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease[1].

BChE-IN-14 (compound 19c) is a selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 values of 0.011 μM for hBChE and 0.23 μM for eqBChE, exhibiting primary cell safety and good blood-brain barrier permeability. It can restore cognitive impairment in vivo and is useful in Alzheimer's disease research [1].

Davunetide, an eight-amino-acid peptide (NAPVSIPQ), demonstrates potent neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo, enhances functional daily behaviors in schizophrenia patients, and increases memory scores in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

HDAC-IN-38 is a potent inhibitor of HDAC. HDAC-IN-38 has similar micromolar inhibitory effects on HDAC1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8, and also increases histone acetylation levels (H3K14 or H4K5). HDAC-IN-38 increases cerebral blood flow (CBF), reduces cognitive impairment and improves hippocampal atrophy.

Cortistatin-14, a neuropeptide structurally similar to growth inhibitor-14, has anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects and impairs recognition memory consolidation in mice through activation of sst(2), growth hormone-releasing peptide, and GABA(A/B) receptor, which can be used to study sepsis-induced cognitive impairment.

Atractylenolide III (ICodonolactone) may have therapeutic potential in treating homocysteine-mediated cognitive impairment and neuronal injury. Atractylenolide III is a potential candidate for the treatment of human lung carcinoma by inducing the release of cytochrome c, upregulating the expression of Bax and translocating apoptosis-inducing factor.

Bacopaside I is a saponin isolated from Bacopa monniera. Bacopaside I is a modulator of Aquaporin-1 channel, has neuroprotective functions, it has anti-Alzheimer's disease, it ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via immune-mediated clearance of α2-amyloid,exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect.

MK-0952 is a selective PDE4 inhibitor used to treat long-term memory loss and mild cognitive impairment. It is an intrinsically potent inhibitor and has shown limited whole blood activity.

7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (7BIO) is a caspase independent nonapoptotic cell death inducer. 7BIO is an inhibitor of FLT3, DYRK1A, DYRK2, Aurora B and Aurora C kinases.

SUVN-G3031 is a antagonist of histamine H3 receptor with potential for the treatment of cognitive impairment, dementia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, sleep disorders, obesity, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and pain.

THK5351 is a tracer involved in PET imaging for electron emission tomography imaging of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment.

Irdabisant hydrochloride (CEP-26401) is a selective, orally active, and blood-brain barrier penetrating histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist, demonstrating high affinity with K*i values of 7.2 nM and 2.0 nM for rat and human H3R, respectively. Exhibiting relatively low hERG current inhibitory activity with an IC*50 of 13.8 μM, this compound has shown to enhance cognition and promote wakefulness in rat social recognition models, suggesting potential applications in schizophrenia or cognitive impairment research.

(–)-IHCH7041 is a optical rotation negative isomer of IHCH7041. (–)-IHCH7041 is a DRD2 partial agonist. (–)-IHCH7041 showed EC50 = 1.38 nM in Gαi1–γ9 dissociation and 2.75 nM in β-arrestin2 recruitment. (–)-IHCH7041 exhibited a inhibition constant (Ki) of 22.44 nM binding affinity at DRD2. (–)-IHCH7041 has antidepressant properties and reverses cognitive impairment.

mGluR5 modulator 1 is a compound that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5). Its primary application lies in the field of schizophrenia and cognitive impairment research.

THK5351 R enantiomer is an R enantiomer of THK5351.