Corticotropin-releasing factor (human) acetate stimulates to synthesize and secret adrenocorticotropin in the anterior pituitary.

Corticotropin-releasing factor human (Human CRF; Human corticotropin-releasing factor) is an immunomodulatory neuropeptide that acts to release ACTH from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. Functions b

Human CRF acetate is a chemical compound that effectively stimulates the synthesis and secretion of adrenocorticotropin in the anterior pituitary.

[Tyr^0] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine, is a hypothalamic hormone sourced from sheep that prompts the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-endorphin [1] [2].

α-Helical Corticotropin Releasing Factor (9-41) is a corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) antagonist that lowers plasma growth hormone (GH) levels in vivo [1] [2].

CRF, bovine (TFA) is a potent agonist of CRF receptor, and displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF with a Ki of 3.52 nM.CRF, bovine is a potent agonist of CRF receptor, and displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF with a Ki of 3.52 nM[1]. CRF shows pEC50s of 11.16, 8.53 and 8

α-Helical Corticotropin Releasing Factor (12-41), a 30-amino-acid α-helical analogue of corticotropin releasing factor/hormone (CRF), is a hypothalamic hormone that promotes adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion. This compound counteracts CRF's stimulatory effect on ACTH secretion [1] [2].

CRF, bovine is a potent agonist of CRF receptor, and displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF with a Ki of 3.52 nM.

α-Helical CRF (9-41) is a synthetic peptide antagonist that targets corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), effectively inhibiting CRF-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release both in vitro, with isolated rat anterior pituitary cells at concentrations of 0.5 to 5 µM, and in vivo, in non-anesthetized, intact rats at doses ranging from 0.02 to 0.6 µmol/kg. Moreover, it prevents stress-induced ACTH release at a dose of 0.6 µmol/kg in rats and demonstrates the ability to enhance social interaction times in a rat model addressing nicotine-induced conditioned anxiety, in addition to decreasing binge-like ethanol consumption in mice.

Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine [Met(O)21], is a hypothalamic hormone isolated from ovine hypothalamic extracts. It functions by stimulating the secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) [1].

[DPro5] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, human, rat, a selective R2 agonist of corticotropin-releasing factor/hormone (CRF), is a hypothalamic hormone that prompts the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-endorphin. Unlike typical agents, it does not induce anxiogenic effects but instead influences learning and memory processes in rats [1].

Astressin acetate is an antagonist of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) with low affinity for the CRF binding protein and high affinity for the cloned pituitary receptor(Ki = 2 nM).

CRF (6-33) acetate is a corticotropin-releasing factor binding protein (CRFBP) inhibitor peptide; displaces CRF from CRFBP. Suppresses body weight gain and increases motor activity in obese rats in vivo.

Potent and selective corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2) antagonist (IC50 values are 1.3 and > 500 nM for CRF2 and CRF1 respectively). Antagonizes CRF2-mediated inhibition of gastric emptying.

Potent, selective and competitive corticotropin-releasing factor CRF2 receptor antagonist (Kd values are 1.4 and 153.6 nM for binding to mouse CRF2β and rat CRF1 receptors respectively). Inhibits sauvagine-stimulated cAMP accumulation in HEK-mCRF2β cells

Urocortin II, mouse, is a selective and potent endogenous peptide agonist for the type-2 corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF2) receptor, displaying K_i values of 0.66 nM for CRFR2 and >100 nM for CRFR1, signifying its high specificity. It engages CRF2 receptors through mechanisms dependent on cAMP/PKA and Ca2+/CaMKII. Additionally, Urocortin II, mouse is localized in specific regions of the central nervous system, influencing central neurons that process visceral sensory information and regulate autonomic functions [1] [2] [3].

CRF(6-33)(human) is a Corticotropin-releasing factor binding protein (CRFBP) inhibitor peptide; displaces CRF from CRFBP. Suppresses body weight gain and increases motor activity in obese rats in vivo.

Vasopressin (argipressin), a cyclic nine-peptide synthesized by hypothalamic neurons, is one of the hormones involved in peptide prohormone synthesis. Vasopressin is involved in the regulation process of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing the amount of solute free water reabsorbed from the renal tubule's colate back into the circulation, narrowing arteries to increase pressure, enhancing the stimulating effect of corticotropin releasing factor to regulate pituitary corticotropin secretion. Vasopressin acts as a neurotransmitter during nerve conduction by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors.

Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist (Ki values are 17, 5 and 0.97 at human CRF1, rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β receptors respectively).

K 41498 is a selective peptide antagonist targeting both corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2α (CRF2α) and CRF2β, demonstrating high affinity with Kis of 0.66 and 0.62 nM, respectively, in HEK293 cells expressing these human receptors. Its selectivity is evident as it exhibits a significantly reduced affinity for CRF1 receptor (Ki = 425 nM in HEK293 cells expressing the human CRF1 receptor). Additionally, K 41498, when administered intravenously at 1.84 µg/animal, effectively mitigates urocortin-induced hypotension in rats. Furthermore, its intrathecal delivery ranging from 0.075 to 0.5 µmol/animal significantly lowers the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold in a rat model, indicating its potential utility in managing nociception triggered by complete Freund's adjuvant.

Human urocortin (hUcn) II is a new member of the corticotropin-releasing-factor (CRF) family. It selectively binds to the CRF2 receptor. Human urocortin II exhibits mild motor-suppressive effects and delayed anxiolytic-like effects，suggesting a time-depen

Potent and selective corticotropin releasing factor receptor-1 (CRF1) agonist (Ki values are 1.5 and 224 nM for CRF1 and CRF2 receptors respectively). Increases ACTH levels and increases faecal pellet output in vivo following i.p. administration.

Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004). Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2 References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004).

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor agonist. Ki values are 9.4, 9.9, and 3.8 nM for inhibition of 125I-[D-Tyr1]astressin binding to hCRF-R1, rCRF-R2a and mCRF-R2b respectively.

Human urocortin (hUcn) II is a new member of the corticotropin-releasing-factor (CRF) family. It selectively binds to the CRF2 receptor.

(D-Phe12,Nle21,38,α-Me-Leu37)-CRF (12-41) (human, rat) is a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist known to counteract the inhibitory effects of IL-1a on Luteinizing hormone (LH) production [1].

[Asu1,6-Arg8]Vasopressin is a vasopressin agonist that enhances cyclic AMP accumulation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release triggered by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells [1] [2].

Urocortin III (human) is a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptide that primarily interacts with and activates the CRF receptor type 2 (CRF-R2), showing a specific distribution in the central nervous system and periphery. It selectively attaches to type 2 CRF receptors, exhibiting dissociation constants (Ki values) of 13.5 nM for mouse CRF2β, 21.7 nM for rat CRF2α, and >100 nM for human CRF1, indicating a strong preference for CRF-R2 over CRF1. Furthermore, Urocortin III (human) plays a crucial role in the somatostatin-dependent negative feedback mechanism that regulates the secretion of Insulin (human).

Urocortin III, mouse TFA, a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptide, preferentially activates CRF-R2 [1], demonstrating its significant role in the behavioral stress response system as a component of Urocortin III (Ucn3). Additionally, it collaborates with CRF-R2 in the medial amygdala to modulate complex social dynamics [2].

Urocortin III, mouse TFA is a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptide. Urocortin III preferentially binds and activates CRF-R2. Urocortin III (Ucn3) is a known component of the behavioral stress response system. Urocortin III and CRF-R2 in th

Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011). Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4 References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011).

CRF(6-33)(human) TFA acts as a competitive inhibitor of the Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Binding Protein (CRF-BP), selectively interacting with CRF-BP without affecting post-synaptic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor receptors. This compound demonstrates an anti-obesity effect, as evidenced by studies [1] [2].

(Tyr0)-Urocortin, rat, serves as a high-affinity agonist for both corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRF-R1) and type 2 (CRF-R2), demonstrating inhibitory binding constants (Ki) of 1-2 nM [1].

Urocortin, human (Human urocortin I) is a 40 amino acid peptide which is closely related to corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF).