epinephrine

D-Epinephrine can be used as a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. Epinephrine can be normally obtained from the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It involves in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the hear

DL-Epinephrine-d6 is a deuterated compound of DL-Epinephrine. DL-Epinephrine has a CAS number of 329-65-7. DL-Epinephrine(DL-Adrenaline) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter.

DL-Epinephrine-d3 is a deuterated compound of DL-Epinephrine. DL-Epinephrine has a CAS number of 329-65-7. DL-Epinephrine(DL-Adrenaline) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter.

Epinephrine HCl, a compound functioning as a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication, is synthesized by adrenal glands and some neurons. It is essential in the fight-or-flight response, enhancing blood flow to muscles, heart output, pupil dilation, and blood sugar levels through its interaction with alpha and beta receptors. Epinephrine HCl is present in various animals and some unicellular organisms.

Norepinephrine (Levophed) can stimulate apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the β-adrenergic pathway. It can up-regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour cells.

Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate (Levophed) is a direct alpha-adrenergic receptors stimulator.

Norepinephrine bitartrate salt is an adrenergic neurotransmitter.

Epinephryl borate is an kind of adrenergic agent.

Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279), a naturally occurring catecholamine formed by decarboxylation of dihydroxyphenylalanine and a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine, binds to alpha-1- and beta-1- adrenergic receptors.

Methyldopa hydrate (MK-351 hydrate) is a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor and indirect α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat hypertension. It inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, decreases production of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, and exhibits NO-dependent sedative activity.

DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride (DL-lysine) is a high-affinity basic amino acid substrate of amino acid transporter b0 + with a Km value in the range of 100-400 μM.

Aminomenthylnorepinephrine is a partial agonist of the beta-adrenoreceptor that causes irreversible inactivation.

Norepinephrine hydrochloride (Levarterenol hydrochloride) is a β1 -selective agonist of the adrenergic receptor with EC 50 of 5.37 μM [1].

DL-Norepinephrine-d6 is a deuterated compound of DL-Norepinephrine. DL-Norepinephrine has a CAS number of 138-65-8.

Dibutylephrine is a sympathomimetic agent.

Ethylnorepinephrine hydrochloride is a unique bronchodilator.

DL-Norepinephrine-d6 HCl is a deuterated compound of DL-NorepinephrineHCl. DL-NorepinephrineHCl has a CAS number of 55-27-6. DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride is a high-affinity basic amino acid substrate of amino acid transporter b0 + with a Km value in the range of 100-400 μM.

Eleclazine hydrochloride (GS 6615 hydrochloride) is a novel inhibitor of late Na+ current (IC50: 0.7 uM).

Vanillylmandelic acid, the end product of the metabolism of catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, has antioxidant activity and is commonly used to help diagnose pheochromocytoma, as well as its elevation in association with depressive symptoms.

Dipivefrin hydrochloride (Dipivefrin HCl) that is available as an ophthalmic solution is a prodrug of adrenaline, which is used to treat glaucoma.

Nadolol-d9 (Mixture of Diastereomers) is a deuterated compound of Nadolol. Nadolol has a CAS number of 42200-33-9. Nadolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic activities. Nadolol competitively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors located in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting the activities of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine and producing negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. This agent exhibits antiarrhythmic activity via the impairment of atrioventricular (AV) node conduction and a corresponding reduction in sinus rate. In the kidney, inhibition of the beta-2 receptor within the juxtaglomerular apparatus results in the inhibition of renin production and a subsequent reduction in angiotensin II and aldosterone levels, thus inhibiting angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction and aldosterone-dependent water retention.

AMK is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin .1,2,3,4It is formed from melatoninviathe metabolic intermediate AFMK that is then deformylated by catalase or formamidase.5,6AMK scavenges singlet oxygenin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 200 μM.1It inhibits the epinephrine- and arachidonic acid-induced production of prostaglandin E2and PGD2in ovine seminal vesicle microsomes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as well as LPS-induced increases in COX-2 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 500 μM.2,3AMK (20 mg/kg) decreases MPTP-induced increases in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria from substantia nigra and striatum in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease.4 1.Schaefer, M., and Hardeland, R.The melatonin metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine is a potent singlet oxygen scavengerJ. Pineal Res.46(1)49-52(2009) 2.Kelly, R.W., Amato, F., and Seamark, R.F.N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine, a brain metabolite of melatonin, is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesisBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.121(1)372-379(1984) 3.Mayo, J.C., Sainz, R.M., Tan, D.-X., et al.Anti-inflammatory actions of melatonin and its metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), in macrophagesJ. Neuroimmunol.165(1-2)139-149(2005) 4.Tapias, V., Escames, G., López, L.C., et al.Melatonin and its brain metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine prevent mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase induction in parkinsonian miceJ. Neurosci. Res.87(13)3002-3010(2009) 5.Tan, D.-X., Manchester, L.C., Reiter, R.J., et al.Melatonin directly scavenges hydrogen peroxide: A potentially new metabolic pathway of melatonin biotransformationFree Radic. Biol. Med.29(11)1177-1185(2000) 6.Hirata, F., Hayaishi, O., Tokuyama, T., et al.In vitro and in vivo formation of two new metabolites of melatoninJ. Biol. Chem.249(4)1311-1313(1974)

Arnolol is a beta blocker. Beta blockers block the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. This causes the heart to beat more slowly and with less force, thereby reducing blood pressure. Beta blockers also help blood vessels open up to improve blood flow.

Dipivefrin is a prodrug of epinephrine, and is used to treat open-angle glaucoma.

Vanilmandelic acid, L-(+)- is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. It is produced via intermediary metabolites.

Norepinephrine bitartrate is a precursor of epinephrine. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus.

CP21 is an iron chelator that binds to iron in a 3:1 (ligand:iron) ratio. It is active against P. falciparum when used at concentrations of 10 and 100 µM. CP21 inhibits production of prostaglandin I2 induced by epinephrine, arachidonic acid, or A23187 in isolated rat aortic rings with IC50 values of 1.3, 1.3, and 1.4 mM, respectively. It inhibits glutamate-induced oxytosis, as well as decreases iodoacetic acid-induced cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of ischemia, in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells (EC50s = 13 and 9.5 µM, respectively). CP21 (200 mg/kg) increases the excretion of iron, but not copper, zinc, calcium, or magnesium, in rabbits.

Dibenamine hydrochloride is a competitive and irreversible blocker of the β-adrenergic receptor.

Adrenochrome (Adraxone) is a cytotoxic molecule that can be used to kill bacteria. Adrenochrome is an oxidized product of Epinephrine. Adrenochrome is a coronary systolic compound that acts on rat hearts and is associated with cardiotoxicity and can be used to determine superoxide dismutase activity. Adrenochrome is a potential psychotropic drug for the study of nervous system diseases.

Skyrin is a fungal metabolite characterized by a bisanthraquinone structure. It interferes with glucagon signaling through adenylate cyclase without binding to the glucagon receptor. At 10 μM, skyrin reduces both glucagon-stimulated cAMP production and glycogenolysis. It does not interfere with epinephrine or glucagon-like peptide 1 effects on these parameters.[1] Reference：[1]. Parker, J.C., McPherson, R.K., Andrews, K.M., et al. Effects of skyrin, a receptor-selective glucagon antagonist, in rat and human hepatocytes. Diabetes 49, 2079-2086 (2012).

Sapropterin is a naturally occurring essential cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of dopamine, epinephrine, melatonin, norepinephrine, neurotransmitter

Brofarromine hydrochloride, a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A, acts on epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine. The compound is mainly used in the treatment of depression and anxiety.

Doxazosin HCl is the salt form of Doxazosin Free Base which acts by inhibiting the postsynaptic alpha(1)-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle. This inhibits the vasoconstrictor effect of circulating and locally released catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), resulting in peripheral vasodilation.

Normetanephrine hydrochloride (DL-Normetanephrine hydrochloride) is a metabolite of Epinephrine. It is found together with Metanephrine in urine and in certain tissues.

Myrianthic acid shows anticancer activity, it shows inhibitory activities on foam cell formation in human monocyte-derived macrophages induced by acetylated low-density lipoproteins at a 50 uM concentration. Myrianthic acid is equivalently inhibitive as acetylsalicylic acid (IC50: 57.0 microM) on epinephrine induced platelet aggregation.

PNMT-IN-1 (inhibitor 4) is a selective second generation inhibitor [1] of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), exhibiting a Ki value of 1.2 nM and an IC50 value of 81 nM. Additionally, it disrupts the activity of DNMT1 and DNMT3b, with IC50 values of 61 μM and 17 μM, respectively, and antagonizes the action of epinephrine.

Nadolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic activities. Nadolol competitively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors located in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting the activities of the catechola

4-hydroxy Valsartan is a major metabolite of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist valsartan . It reduces platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine and collagen but not ADP in human whole blood.

Chir 2279 is a N-(substituted)glycine peptoid trimer with high-affinity binding for alpha 1-adrenoceptors. CHIR 2279 antagonized the epinephrine-induced increase in intraurethal pressure (pseudo pA2, 6.86) in dogs.

Isoproterenol bitartrate is a beta-sympathomimetic and an isopropyl analog of Epinephrine, which acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, and alimentary tract. It is used mainly as a bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

Scyllatoxin (Leiurotoxin I), a peptide toxin derived from the venom of the scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus), acts as a blocker of small-conductance K Ca (SK) channels. It notably enhances the release of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) in vivo [1].

AZD-1656 is a glucokinase activator (GKA) that can cause dose-limiting hypoglycemia in normal animals used in embryofetal development studies and type 2 diabetes.