Mant-GTPγS, an effective GTP analog, displays strong competitive inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC). Additionally, it acts as a potent inhibitor of YdeH.

GTPγS tetralithium (Guanosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate tetralithium) is a G-protein activator, a non-hydrolyzable GTP analog that protects proteins from proteolytic degradation.GTPγS tetralithium is involved in the detection of cells expressing recombinant receptors and endogenous receptors. GTPγS tetralithium is involved in the detection of GPCR signaling in cells expressing recombinant receptors as well as in cells and tissues expressing endogenous receptors, and can be assayed to measure agonist-induced desensitization of two human polymorphic α2B-adrenoceptor variants.

JNJ-65355394 is an effective O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA) inhibitor and an OGA chemical probe.

GP 1a is a potent agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) (EC50=7.1), as shown in cAMP, GTPγS and β-arrestin recruitment assays. GP 1a is approximately 30-fold more selective for CB2 receptors than CB1 receptors and increases P-ERK1/2 expression in HL-60 cells in vitro. GP 1a is beneficial for skin wound healing. GP 1a inhibits inflammation and fibrogenesis while promoting epithelial re-formation.

AT-121 is a dual μ-opioid and neuropeptide receptor partial agonist (Kis 16.49 and 3.67 nM, respectively). It stimulates [35S]GTPγS binding to cell membranes expressing either μ-opioid receptors or neuropeptide receptors (EC50s of 19.6 and 34.7 nM, respectively.) AT-121 (0.003-0.03 mg/kg) reduced capsaicin-induced thermal anisocoria in a dose-dependent manner, but did not increase scratching activity in rhesus monkeys. In rhesus monkey drug self-administration tests, AT-121 at doses of 0.3 to 10 μg/kg per injection lacked reinforcing effects (a potential marker of abuse) and did not reduce the reinforcing effects of food pellets.AT-121 (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg) did not induce hyperalgesia, a marker of tolerance, in rhesus monkeys.AT-121 is a safe non-addictive pain reliever with anti-injury and analgesic effects.

C 021 dihydrochloride is a potent CCR4 antagonist. C-021 (4-Quinazolinamine, 2-[1,4'-bipiperidin]-1'-yl-N-cycloheptyl-6,7-dimethoxy-) dihydrochloride potently inhibits functional chemotaxis in humans and mice with IC50s of 140 nM and 39 nM, respectively. It effectively prevents human CCL22-derived [35S]GTPγS from binding to the receptor (IC50: 18 nM).

C-021 dihydrochloride is a potent CCR4 antagonist. It potently inhibits functional chemotaxis in human and mouse with IC50s of 140 nM and 39 nM.

SR17018 is an mu-opioid-receptor (MOR) agonist, binding with GTPγS, with an EC50 of 97 nM.

AMN082 free base is a metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 allosteric agonist.

JWH 302, a cannabimimetic indole, exhibits 5-fold selectivity for the central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor, evidenced by a Ki value of 17 nM, versus the peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptor, which has a Ki value of 89 nM. Additionally, JWH 302 stimulates GTPγS binding of CB1 and CB2 receptors with EC50 values of 29.3 nM and 24.4 nM, respectively.

ASN04421891 is a potent GPR17 receptor modulator, with an EC 50 of 3.67 nM in [35S]GTPγS binding assay. ASN04421891 is promising to be used for neurodegenerative diseases research[1].

4-Me-PDTic is a potent and selective Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist. 4-Me-PDTic had a Ke = 0.37 nM in a [35S]GTPγS binding assay and was 645- and >8100-fold selective for the κ relative to the μ and δ opioid receptors, respectively. Calculated logBB and CNS (central nervous system) multiparameter optimization (MPO) and low molecular weight values all predict that 4-Me-PDTic will penetrate the brain and pharmacokinetic studies in rats shows that 4-Me-PDTic does indeed penetrate the brain.

Deltorphin II is a peptide agonist of δ2-opioid receptors.1,2It is selective for δ-opioid receptors over μ- and κ-opioid receptors in radioligand bindings assays (Kis = 0.0033, >1, and >1 μM, respectively) and induces [35S]GTPγS binding in mouse brain membrane preparations (EC50= 0.034 μM). Deltorphin II (0.12 mg/kg) decreases the infarction zone:risk zone ratio in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by coronary occlusion, an effect that can be reversed by the δ2-opioid receptor antagonist naltriben but not the δ1-opioid receptor antagonist BNTX.3Intrathecal administration of deltorphin II (15 μg/animal) increases latency to withdraw in the paw pressure and tail-flick tests in rats.4 1.Raynor, K., Kong, H., Chen, Y., et al.Pharmacological characterization of the cloned κ-, δ-, and μ-opioid receptorsMol. Pharm.45(2)330-334(1994) 2.Scherrer, G., Befort, K., Contet, C., et al.The delta agonists DPDPE and deltorphin II recruit predominantly mu receptors to produce thermal analgesia: A parallel study of mu, delta and combinatorial opioid receptor knockout miceEur. J. Neurosci.19(8)2239-2248(2004) 3.Maslov, L.N., Barzakh, E.I., Krylatov, A.V., et al.Opioid peptide deltorphin II simulates the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning: role of δ2-opioid receptors, protein kinase C, and KATP channelsBull. Exp. Biol. Med.149(5)591-593(2010) 4.Labuz, D., Toth, G., Machelska, H., et al.Antinociceptive effects of isoleucine derivatives of deltorphin I and deltorphin II in rat spinal cord: A search for selectivity of delta receptor subtypesNeuropeptides32(6)511-517(1998)

GPR84 Antagonist 3 (compound 42), a potent inhibitor of the G-protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), exhibits a pIC50 value of 8.28, indicating strong antagonistic activity by inhibiting GTPγS. Additionally, it possesses a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, suitable for further research and development [1].

(±)-J-113397 is a potent and selective non-peptidyl ORL1 receptor antagonist (K(i): cloned human ORL1=1.8 nM). J-113397 inhibited nociceptin/orphanin FQ-stimulated GTPγS binding to CHO cells expressing ORL1 with an IC 50 value of 5.3 nM. J-113397 can be used for researching the physiological roles of nociceptin/orphanin FQ [1].

6-OAU (GTPL5846)(GTPL5846; 6-n-octylaminouracil) is a surrogate agonist of GPR84; activates human GPR84 in the presence of Gqi5 chimera in HEK293 cells with an EC50 of 105 nM in the PI assay.

LY487379 is a selective human mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM). lY487379 enhances glutamate-stimulated [35 S] GTPγS binding to mGlu2 receptors (EC50: 1.7 μM) and mGlu3 receptors (EC50>10 μM). lY487379 induces cognitive flexibility and induces behavioural inhibition in a rat model. LY487379 can be used to study schizophrenia.

Salvinorin A carbamate, a potent κ-opioid receptor (KOR) full agonist, exhibits nearly the same potency as salvinorin A, with EC50 values of 6.2 and 4.5 nM, respectively, for activating the human KOR to augment the binding of [35S]GTPγS. Enhancing biological stability, the addition of a carbamate group to salvinorin A reduces deacetylation.

Ac-RYYRIK-NH2 TFA acts as both a potent partial agonist for ORL1 when transfected in CHO cells (K d = 1.5 nM) and an endogenous ligand of ORL1. Moreover, it serves as a specific antagonist that inhibits G protein activation and competitively blocks the stimulation of [35S]-GTPγS binding to G proteins by nociceptin/orphanin FQ (noc/OFQ) in rat brain membranes and sections [1].

A3AR modulator 1 (MRS8054), an orally active positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) (Adenosine Receptor), significantly enhances the efficacy (E max) of Cl-IB-MECA-stimulated [35 S]GTPγS binding [1].

CAY10508 is a potent and selective inverse agonist for the central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor with therapeutic potential for treating obesity and drug dependence, lacking psychotropic effects. It exhibits a Ki value of 243 nM and an EC50 of 195 nM. At a concentration of 10 µM, CAY10508 displaces [3H]-CP-55,940 with 100% efficacy at the CB1 receptor and 35% at the peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptor. Its inverse agonist activity at the CB1 receptor was confirmed through a [35S]-GTPγS binding assay.

LY2828360 is a cannabinoid (CB) receptor 2 agonist (Ki = 40.3 nM). It selectively activates CB2 over CB1 in a GTPγS binding assay (EC50s = 20.1 and >100,000 nM, respectively).

JWH 251, a cannabimimetic indole, has a high affinity tothe central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor (Ki = 29 nM) and a comparatively modest affinity for the peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptor (Ki = 146 nM). JWH 251 can stimulates GTPγS and bind to CB1 and

BMS-986122 (BMS 986122) is a positive allosteric modulator of μ-opioid receptors that increases β-arrestin recruitment stimulated by endomorphin 1 in U2OS-OPRM1 human osteosarcoma cells expressing μ-opioid receptors (EC50 = 3 μM).

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate is a high affinity adenine receptor agonist (Ki = 18 nM at rat adenine receptor). It inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in CHO cells transfected with the adenine receptor and also stimulates GTPγS binding (pEC50 values are 8.54 and 7.21 respectively).

AKP-11 is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist with an EC50 of 0.047 μM for [35S]GTPγS binding to CHO-K1 cell membranes expressing human S1P1. It reduces S1P1 surface expression and enhances Akt and ERK phosphorylation in CHO cells with S1P1-HA at a 100 nM concentration. At doses of 1.3 and 3 mg/kg, AKP-11 lowers IFN-γ and IL-17 protein levels in the spinal cord and mitigates disease severity in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Additionally, it decreases peripheral total lymphocyte and specific T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and CD26L+ T cells) counts in both EAE rats and healthy controls at a 1.3 mg/kg dosage.

UFP101 is a synthetic peptide that functions as an antagonist of the nociceptin receptor, demonstrating high affinity with a Ki of 0.06 nM in CHO cells expressing the human receptor. It exhibits selectivity for the nociceptin receptor over the κ-opioid receptor, with a Ki of 204 nM in CHO cells expressing the rat receptor. The compound effectively inhibits GTPγS release from the nociceptin receptor in CHO cell membranes, with an EC50 of 1.86 nM. When administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 10 nmol/animal, UFP101 prolongs the latency to tail withdrawal in the tail-flick test in mice, indicating its potential as an analgesic. Additionally, at doses of 0.003, 0.03, and 0.3 mg/kg, UFP101 enhances survival in a sepsis mouse model induced by cecal ligation and puncture, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in sepsis management.

Mitraciliatine, an alkaloid discovered in M. speciosa (Kratom in Thai), acts as a partial agonist for the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and an agonist for the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), demonstrating selectivity for these receptors over the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) with EC50 values of 228, 218, and >1,000 nM respectively in mouse receptors through a GTPγS binding assay. When administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at 100 nmol/animal, mitraciliatine increases latency to withdrawal in the warm water tail withdrawal assay in mice, an effect reversable by MOR knockout but unaffected by KOR knockout, distinguishing it from morphine by not causing hyperlocomotion or respiratory depression.

CB2R PAM is an orally active cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2Rs) positive mutational modulator that enhances CP 55940 and 2-Arachidonylglycerol-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding to CB2 receptors, but has no effect in the absence of agonists. ...CB2R PAM shows anti-injury activity in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.

Ozanimod (RPC-1063) (RPC1063) is a specific oral S1P Receptor 1 modulator. Ozanimod has been used in trials studying the treatment of Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.

MK-6892 is a selective and full agonist for the high-affinity nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (Ki: 4 nM; GTPγS EC50: 16 nM).

Guanfacine is a selective agonist of the α2A receptor.

Guanfacine hydrochloride (Intuniv) is a centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.