palmitoylation

TVB-3664 significantly decreases tubulin palmitoylation and mRNA expression. TVB-3664 is a reversible and highly bioavailable fatty acid synthase inhibitor (IC50: 18 nM and 12 nM for human and mouse cell palmitate synthesis, respectively).

H-151 is a highly potent and selective STING antagonist. H-151 covalently binds to Cys91 of STING and inhibits palmitoylation of Cys91, thereby inhibiting STING activity. H-151 can be used in the study of autoinflammatory diseases in vivo and ex vivo.

VT107 is a potent pan-TEAD auto-palmitoylation inhibitor. VT-107 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

VT103 is an orally active and selective inhibitor of TEAD1 protein palmitoylation and is an analog of VT101. VT103 has potential antitumor activity by inhibiting YAP/TAZ-TEAD-promoted gene transcriptionment, blocking TEAD auto-palmitoylation, and blocking the interaction between YAP/TAZ and TEAD.VT103 can be used in the study of HER2-positive breast cancer, prostate cancer, and triple-negative breast cancer.

SWTX-143, a novel covalent inhibitor, specifically and irreversibly binds to the palmitoylation pocket of all four TEAD isoforms, inhibiting the transcriptional activity of the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex and demonstrating antitumor activity [1].

IWP-3 is a high affinity inhibitor of Wnt with anticancer activity, inhibits palmitoylation of Wnt proteins, eliminates over-induced increase in Mg63 cell viability, and can be used in the study of myeloma.

MSC-4106, an orally active and potent YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitor, disrupts TEAD1 and TEAD3 auto-palmitoylation and demonstrates significant efficacy in the NCI-H226 tumor xenograft model [1].

STING-IN-2 (C-170) is a potent and covalent inhibitor of STING. C-170 efficiently inhibits both mouse STING (mmSTING) and human STING (hsSTING). It can be used for autoinflammatory disease research.

RUSKI-201 dihydrochloride is a potent and specific inhibitor of Hedgehog acyltransferase (Hhat) (IC50: 0.20 μM). RUSKI-201 dihydrochloride blocks Hh signalling in Shh overexpressing cells and has an inhibitory effect on Hh palmitoylation. RUSKI-201 dihydrochloride is a promising Hhat chemical probe that can be used to study Hhat catalytic function.

Palmitic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.1 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.2 Palmitic acid is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.2,3,4,5,6 |1. Santos, M.J., López-Jurado, M., Llopis, J., et al. Influence of dietary supplementation with fish oil on plasma fatty acid composition in coronary heart disease patients. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 39(1), 52-62 (1995).|2. Lee, J.Y., Sohn, K.H., Rhee, S.H., et al. Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through toll-like receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 276(20), 16683-16689 (2001).|3. Dietzen, D.J., Hastings, W.R., and Lublin, D.M. Caveolin is palmitoylated on multiple cysteine residues. Palmitoylation is not necessary for localization of caveolin to caveolae. J. Biol. Chem. 270(12), 6838-6842 (1995).|4. Robinson, L.J., and Michel, T. Mutagenesis of palmitoylation sites in endothelial nitric oxide synthase identifies a novel motif for dual acylation and subcellular targeting. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92(25), 11776-11780 (1995).|5. Topinka, J.R., and Bredt, D.S. N-terminal palmitoylation of PSD-95 regulates association with cell membranes and interaction with K+ channel Kv1.4. Neuron 20(1), 125-134 (1998).|6. Miggin, S.M., Lawler, O.A., and Kinsella, B.T. Palmitoylation of the human prostacyclin receptor. Functional implications of palmitoylation and isoprenylation. J. Biol. Chem. 278(9), 6947-6958 (2003).

Palmitoleic acid alkyne, an ω-terminal alkyne derivative of palmitoleic acid, facilitates click chemistry applications. This compound has played a crucial role in examining protein palmitoylation processes. Specifically, the cis form of palmitoleic acid alkyne selectively tags wild-type Wnt3a protein within mouse fibroblast L-cells expressing Wnt3a and its secretion in conditioned media, distinguishing itself from the trans form and proving ineffective against the S209A mutant Wnt3a.

C-178 is a covalent inhibitor of STING, binds to Cys91 on STING to block its palmitoylation and prevents recruitment and phosphorylation of TBK1 in HEK293T cells.

Palmitic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid-13C contains 13C at the C2 position and has been used in the study of free fatty acid incorporation into phospholipid fatty acids in soil microbes.1 Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.2 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.3 Palmitic acid is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.3,4,5,6,7 |1. Dippold, M.A., and Kuzyakov, Y. Direct incorporation of fatty acids into microbial phospholipids in soils: Position-specific labeling tells the story. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 174(1), 211-221 (2016).|2. Santos, M.J., López-Jurado, M., Llopis, J., et al. Influence of dietary supplementation with fish oil on plasma fatty acid composition in coronary heart disease patients. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 39(1), 52-62 (1995).|3. Lee, J.Y., Sohn, K.H., Rhee, S.H., et al. Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through toll-like receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 276(20), 16683-16689 (2001).|4. Dietzen, D.J., Hastings, W.R., and Lublin, D.M. Caveolin is palmitoylated on multiple cysteine residues. Palmitoylation is not necessary for localization of caveolin to caveolae. J. Biol. Chem. 270(12), 6838-6842 (1995).|5. Robinson, L.J., and Michel, T. Mutagenesis of palmitoylation sites in endothelial nitric oxide synthase identifies a novel motif for dual acylation and subcellular targeting. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92(25), 11776-11780 (1995).|6. Topinka, J.R., and Bredt, D.S. N-terminal palmitoylation of PSD-95 regulates association with cell membranes and interaction with K+ channel Kv1.4. Neuron 20(1), 125-134 (1998).|7. Miggin, S.M., Lawler, O.A., and Kinsella, B.T. Palmitoylation of the human prostacyclin receptor. Functional implications of palmitoylation and isoprenylation. J. Biol. Chem. 278(9), 6947-6958 (2003).

2-Bromohexadecanoic acid (2-BP) is a non-metabolizable palmitate analogue, which can be used as palmitoylation inhibitor. 2-BP directly and irreversibly inhibits the palmitoyltransferase activity of all DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) proteins.

IWP-2, an inhibitor of Wnt processing and secretion (IC50=27 nM) in a cell-free assay, selectively blocks Porcn-mediated Wnt palmitoylation.

VT101 is a TEAD Auto-palmitoylation inhibitor that Selectively Inhibit Proliferation and Tumor Growth of NF2-deficient Mesothelioma. VT101 inhibited the firefly luciferase reporter dose-dependently and had no 204 effect on the Renilla luciferase reporter.

TM2 TEAD inhibitor, a robust and reversible inhibitor of the TEA domain transcription factor, presents dual inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 38 nM for TEAD4 auto-palmitoylation and 156 nM for TEAD2 palmitoylation. It effectively blocks the TEAD-YAP association and their transcriptional activities, leading to significant antiproliferative effects in YAP-dependent cancer cell lines, both as a standalone agent and in combination with a MEK inhibitor. Additionally, it impedes YAP-dependent liver organoid growth ex vivo.

MGH-CP1 is a potent and selective inhibitor TEAD palmitoylation. It exhibits dose-dependent and potent inhibition of TEAD2/4 auto-palmitoylation in vitro with IC50 of 710 nM and 672 nM, respectively.

Zamaporvint (RXC004) is a selective, orally active and potent inhibitor of the Wnt pathway that acts on the membrane-bound fatty acyltransferase porcupine to block Wnt ligand palmitoylation, secretion, and pathway activation.Zamaporvint has shown anti-tumor and anti-proliferative activity in a wide range of cancer cell lines.

STING-IN-3 (C-171) is an inhibitor of stimulator of interferon genes (STING). It binds to STING, inhibits its palmitoylation, and prevents the recruitment and phosphorylation of TBK1.

VT-102 is a TEAD Auto-palmitoylation inhibitor that Selectively Inhibit Proliferation and Tumor Growth of NF2-deficient Mesothelioma. VT102 inhibited the firefly luciferase reporter dose-dependently and had no 204 effect on the Renilla luciferase reporter.

DC-TEADin02 is an inhibitor of TEAD auto palmitoylation (IC50 = 197 nM). DC-TEADin02 can be in studies about development, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis.