t-9

T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), also called VSIG9 and Vstm3, is a member of the CD28 family within the Ig superfamily of proteins. TIGIT contains an immunoglobulin variable domain, a transmembrane domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), and is expressed on regulatory, memory, activated T cells and NK cells. TIGIT binds to CD155(PVR) that appear on dendritic cells (DC), macrophages and endothelium with high affinity, and CD112(PVRL2) with lower affinity, but not CD113 (PVRL3). TIGIT-Fc fusion protein could interact with PVR on DC and enhance the secretion of IL-10, but inhibit the macrophage activation. Mice lacking TIGIT show increased T cell responses and susceptibility to autoimmune challenges, while knockdown of TIGIT with siRNA in human memory T cells did not affect T cell responses.

CD229(SLAMF3) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the SLAM subgroup of the CD2 family. Mature mouse CD229 consists of a 406 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with two Ig-like V-set and two Ig-like truncated C2-set domains, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 180 aa cytoplasmic domain with two immunoreceptor tyrosinebased switch motifs ITSMs. Within the first two Ig-like domains that are common to all SLAM proteins, mouse CD229 shares 22%-36% aa sequence identity with mouse 2B4, BLAME, CD2F10,CD84, CRACC, NTBA, and SLAM. CD229 is expressed on T, B, and NK cells, thymocytes and monocytes. Homophilic binding between CD229 molecules is mediated by the N-terminal Ig-like domain. Human and mouse CD229 exhibit crossspecies binding. Antigen stimulation of lymphocytes induces CD229 clustering to sites of T cell-B cell contact. Antibody ligation of CD229 can inhibit T cell activation, but CD229 knockout mice show impaired T cell immune responses, suggesting a potential role for CD229 in T cell activation or costimulation.

IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences various distinct functions of different target cells such as T cells, B cells, mast cells and airway epithelial cells by activating STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. Because of its pleiotropic functions, IL-9 has been demonstrated to be involved in several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity and other pathogen-mediated immune-regulated diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of Th9 and IL-9-producing cells in allergic asthma. IL-9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.9 kDa and the accession number is P15248.

SLAMF3 (CD229) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the SLAM subgroup of the CD2 family. Mature human SLAMF3 consists of a 407 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with two Ig-like V-set and two Ig-like truncated C2-set domains. The ECD of human SLAMF3 shares 57% - 59% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat SLAMF3. Within the first two Ig-like domains that are common to all SLAM proteins, human SLAMF3 shares 24% - 39% aa sequence identity with human 2B4, BLAME, CD2F-10, CD84, CRACC, NTB-A, and SLAM. It is expressed on T and B cells, thymocytes, and more weakly on NK cells. It may participate in adhesion reactions between T lymphocytes and accessory cells by homophilic interaction. Promotes T-cell differentiation into a helper T-cell Th17 phenotype leading to increased IL-17 secretion; the costimulatory activity requires SH2D1A. SLAMF3 may be involved in the maintenance of peripheral cell tolerance by serving as a negative regulator of the immune response. It also disable autoantibody responses and inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by CD4+ T-cells and negatively regulate the size of thymic innate CD8+ T-cells and the development of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells.

IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences various distinct functions of different target cells such as T cells, B cells, mast cells and airway epithelial cells by activating STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. Because of its pleiotropic functions, IL-9 has been demonstrated to be involved in several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity and other pathogen-mediated immune-regulated diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of Th9 and IL-9-producing cells in allergic asthma. IL-9 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 14.01 kDa and the accession number is A0A7N9IA33.

IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences various distinct functions of different target cells such as T cells, B cells, mast cells and airway epithelial cells by activating STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. Because of its pleiotropic functions, IL-9 has been demonstrated to be involved in several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity and other pathogen-mediated immune-regulated diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of Th9 and IL-9-producing cells in allergic asthma. IL-9 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.9 kDa and the accession number is P15247.

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 is a member of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules. Mature cynomolgus TIM3 consists of a 182 amino acid (aa)extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 78 aa cytoplasmic tail. TIM3 is up-regulated on several populations of activated myeloid cells (macrophage, monocyte, dendritic cell, microglia, mast cell) and T cells (Th1, CD8+, NK, Treg). Its binding to Galectin9 induces a range of immunosuppressive functions which enhance immune tolerance and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. TIM3 ligation attenuates CD8+ and Th1 cell responses and promotes the activity of Treg and myeloid derived suppressor cells. TIM3 interactions with Galectin-9 can trigger immune stimulatory effects, such as the coactivation of NK cell cytotoxicity.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9) is an inducible T cell surface protein belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein which contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. The human and mouse proteins share 60% amino acid sequence identity. It is absent from naive T cells, but upregulated and continually expressed following T cell activation. It is a receptor for TNFSF9/4-1BBL, and possibly active during T cell activation. 4-1BB/CD137/TNFRSF9 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 25-38 kDa and the accession number is A9YYE7.

CD229 was strongly and homogeneously overexpressed on the PC of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering myeloma, MM, and PC leukemia. CD229 was particularly overexpressed on those PC showing an abnormal phenotype such as expression of CD56. Most importantly, CD229 was also highly expressed on those cells in the patients' BM displaying the phenotype of chemotherapy-resistant and myeloma-propagating cells. CD229 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.7 kDa and the accession number is Q9HBG7-1.

CD7, also known as Leu-9, is an approximately 40 kDa glycosylated and palmitoylated transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily.CD7 is expressed on T cells, NK cells , myeloid progenitor cells, and CD19 B progenitor cells. Among CD8 T cells, the CD7-bright population preferentially contains naïve and memory cells, while more weak expressors are primarily effector cells. CD7 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), PE-Labeled is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 19.3 kDa and the accession number is P09564.

CD229 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 46.5 kDa and the accession number is Q01965.

Transferrin Receptor/TFRC Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 77.4 kDa and the accession number is AAA61153.1.

Trypsin-3, also known as Trypsin III, brain trypsinogen, Serine protease 3 and PRSS3, is a secreted protein that belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Trypsin-3 / PRSS3 is expressed is in pancreas and brain. It contains one peptidase S1 domain. Trypsin-3 / PRSS3 can degrade intrapancreatic trypsin inhibitors that protect against CP. Genetic variants that cause higher mesotrypsin activity might increase the risk for chronic pancreatitis (CP). A sustained imbalance of pancreatic proteases and their inhibitors seems to be important for the development of CP. The trypsin inhibitor-degrading activity qualified PRSS3 as a candidate for a novel CP susceptibility gene. Trypsin-3 / PRSS3 has been implicated as a putative tumor suppressor gene due to its loss of expression, which is correlated with promoter hypermethylation, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Transferrin Receptor/TFRC Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 103.6 kDa and the accession number is CAA25527.1.

Transferrin Receptor/TFRC Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 77.4 kDa and the accession number is P02786.

TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His and Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.25 kDa and the accession number is Q495A1-1.

TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 1-141, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 14.5 kDa and the accession number is Q495A1-1.

TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 22-141, His) is expressed in CHO mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 14.51 kDa and the accession number is NP_776160.2.

4-1BB/CD137/TNFRSF9 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26-35 KDa and the accession number is A9YYE7.

4-1BB, is also known as CD137, is a type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein receptor belonging to the TNF superfamily.CD137 can be expressed by activated T cells, but to a larger extent on CD8 than on CD4 T cells. In addition, CD137 expression is found on dendritic cells, B cells, follicular dendritic cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes and cells of blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation. 4-1BB/CD137/TNFRSF9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.7 kDa and the accession number is Q07011.

CD7, also known as Leu-9, is an approximately 40 kDa glycosylated and palmitoylated transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily.CD7 is expressed on T cells, NK cells , myeloid progenitor cells, and CD19 B progenitor cells. Among CD8 T cells, the CD7-bright population preferentially contains naïve and memory cells, while more weak expressors are primarily effector cells. CD7 Protein (Primary Amine Labeling), Mouse, Recombinant (hFc), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41 kDa and the accession number is P50283.

CD7, also known as Leu-9, is an approximately 40 kDa glycosylated and palmitoylated transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily.CD7 is expressed on T cells, NK cells , myeloid progenitor cells, and CD19 B progenitor cells. Among CD8 T cells, the CD7-bright population preferentially contains naïve and memory cells, while more weak expressors are primarily effector cells. CD7 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 19.3 kDa and the accession number is P09564.

CD229 was strongly and homogeneously overexpressed on the PC of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering myeloma, MM, and PC leukemia. CD229 was particularly overexpressed on those PC showing an abnormal phenotype such as expression of CD56. Most importantly, CD229 was also highly expressed on those cells in the patients' BM displaying the phenotype of chemotherapy-resistant and myeloma-propagating cells. CD229 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.7 kDa and the accession number is Q9HBG7-1.

The transferrin receptor (CD71) is known as a receptor for IgA1 on mesangial cells. The transcript and protein expression of glomerular CD71 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Human mesangial cells (HMCs) were treated with sera from IgAN patients and expression levels of CD71 and inflammatory cytokine markers were compared according to disease status. Transferrin R/CD71 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 76.3 kDa and the accession number is XP_005545315.1.

TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.2 kDa and the accession number is Q495A1-1.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL9 functions as one of the three ligands of chemokine receptor CXCR3 which is a G protein-coupled receptor found predominantly on T cells. It together with CXCL10 and CXCL11, may activate CXCR3 by binding to it. CXCL9 serves as a cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. It has been observed that tumour endothelial cells secrete high levels of CXCL9 in all, and CXCL10 in most melanoma metastases. it plays an important role in CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment and development of CAV, MOMA-2+ macrophages are the predominant recipient-derived source of CXCL9, and recipient CD4 lymphocytes are necessary for sustained CXCL9 production and CAV development in this model.

Transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC) belongs to the peptidase M28 family that is synthesized as a 172 amino acid (aa). TFRC regulated by cellular iron levels through binding of the iron regulatory proteins, IRP1 and IRP2, to iron-responsive elements in the 3'-UTR. It binds one transferrin or HFE molecule per subunit and binds the HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR1. It Interacts with SH3BP3 and STEAP3, facilitates TFRC endocytosis in erythroid precursor cells. Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferrin-receptor complex is then recycled to the cell surface with a return to neutral pH and the concomitant loss of affinity of apotransferrin for its receptor. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system. A second ligand, the heditary hemochromatosis protein HFE, competes for binding with transferrin for an overlapping C-terminal binding site. It positively regulates T and B cell proliferation through iron uptake.

Siglecs are sialic acid specific I‑type lectins that are characterized by an extracellular domain (ECD) with an N‑terminal Ig‑like V‑set domain followed by varying numbers of Ig‑like C2‑set domains. Mouse Siglec‑E, also known as Myeloid Inhibitory Siglec (MIS), is an 80 ‑ 85 kDa member of the CD33‑related subfamily of Siglecs. Rodent and primate Siglec gene families have significantly diverged, and Siglec‑9 is the most likely human ortholog of mouse Siglec‑E. Siglec‑E is expressed as a heavily N‑glycosylated disulfide‑linked homodimer and shows binding preference for disialic acids in the alpha 2‑8 linkage. Siglec‑E is up‑regulated and additionally phosphorylated following cellular stimulation by a variety of TLR agonists. Siglec‑E signaling negatively regulates the LPS‑induced production of TNF‑ alpha and IL‑6 by macrophages. Its up‑regulation in macrophages parallels the development of endotoxin tolerance. Siglec‑E recognition of sialylated determinants on virulent T. cruzi contributes to the suppression of dendritic cell IL‑12 p40 production.

The transferrin receptor (CD71) is known as a receptor for IgA1 on mesangial cells. The transcript and protein expression of glomerular CD71 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Human mesangial cells (HMCs) were treated with sera from IgAN patients and expression levels of CD71 and inflammatory cytokine markers were compared according to disease status. Transferrin R/CD71 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 101.8 kDa and the accession number is P02786-1.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9) is an inducible T cell surface protein belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein which contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. The human and mouse proteins share 60% amino acid sequence identity. It is absent from naive T cells, but upregulated and continually expressed following T cell activation. It is a receptor for TNFSF9/4-1BBL, and possibly active during T cell activation. 4-1BB/CD137/TNFRSF9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-Fc-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 55-75 KDa and the accession number is Q07011.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. It can be induced by lymphocyte activation (ILA) and is expressed by activated T cells, but to a larger extent on CD8 than on CD4 T cells. In addition, TNFRSF9 expression is found on dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes and cells of blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation. As receptor for TNFSF9/4-1BBL, it can activate T cells and the cross-linking of this protein can enhance T cell proliferation, IL-2 secretion survival and cytolytic activity. Further, it can enhance immune activity to eliminate tumors in mice.

Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 9 (CXCL9) belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CXC) family. It is secreted by interferon stimulated monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells, which elicits chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3. CXCL9 acts as a Th1 (type 1 helper T) cell chemoattractant and plays a role in the growth, activation and movement of cells associated with immune and inflammatory responses, and in tumour growth inhibition. It is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located near the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4.

4-1BB, is also known as CD137, is a type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein receptor belonging to the TNF superfamily.CD137 can be expressed by activated T cells, but to a larger extent on CD8 than on CD4 T cells. In addition, CD137 expression is found on dendritic cells, B cells, follicular dendritic cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes and cells of blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation. 4-1BB/CD137/TNFRSF9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 24-186, hFc & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.7 kDa and the accession number is Q07011.

Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8-dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase-9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a caspase-1-dependent inflammatory form of cell death and is the major constituent of the ASC pyroptosome which forms upon potassium depletion and rapidly recruits and activates caspase-1. In innate immune response believed to act as an integral adapter in the assembly of the inflammasome which activates caspase-1 leading to processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The function as activating adapter in different types of inflammasomes is mediated by the pyrin and CARD domains and their homotypic interactions. Required for recruitment of caspase-1 to inflammasomes containing certain pattern recognition receptors, such as NLRP2, NLRP3, AIM2 and probably IFI16. In the NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes seems not be required but facilitates the processing of procaspase-1. In cooperation with NOD2 involved in an inflammasome activated by bacterial muramyl dipeptide leading to caspase-1 activation. May be involved in DDX58-triggered proinflammatory responses and inflammasome activation. In collaboration with AIM2 which detects cytosolic double-stranded DNA may also be involved in a caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8. In adaptive immunity may be involved in maturation of dendritic cells to stimulate T-cell immunity and in cytoskeletal rearrangements coupled to chemotaxis and antigen uptake may be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK2; the latter function is proposed to involve the nuclear form. Also involved in transcriptional activation of cytokines and chemokines independent of the inflammasome; this function may involve AP-1, NF-kappa-B, MAPK and caspase-8 signaling pathways. For regulation of NF-kappa-B activating and inhibiting functions have been reported. Modulates NF-kappa-B induction at the level of the IKK complex by inhibiting kinase activity of CHUK and IKBK. Proposed to compete with RIPK2 for association with CASP1 thereby down-regulating CASP1-mediated RIPK2-dependent NF-kappa-B activation and activating interleukin-1 beta processing. Modulates host resistance to DNA virus infection, probably by inducing the cleavage of and inactivating CGAS in presence of cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA.

SH2domain-containing protein 1A (SH2D1A / SAP) is a 128 amino acid protein, containing a single Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, flanked by 5 amino acids at the N-terminus and 25 amino acids at the C-terminus. The absence of a catalytic domain and the presence of an SH2domain suggest that SH2D1A regulates one or more signal transduction pathways. SH2D1A interacts with signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), which is a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of activated T and B cells. SH2D1A (SAP) interacts via its SH2domain with a motif (TIYXXV) present in the cytoplasmic tail of the cell-surface receptors, including CD150 / SLAM, CD84, CD229 / Ly-9, and CD244 / 2B4. SH2D1A was expressed in EBV-carrying, tumor phenotype representative (type I), but not in EBV-carrying lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL)-like (type III) or EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines. It has been supposed to be related to the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease which is also known as Duncan's disease or Purtilo syndrome.

CPLX3, also known as complexin 3, belongs to the complexin/synaphin family. As a SNARE-binding protein, complexin (CPX), can act either as a facilitator or as an inhibitor of membrane fusion, constituting a controversial dilemma. CPX acts sequentially on assembling SNAREpins, first facilitating zippering by nearly doubling the distance at which v- and t-SNAREs can engage and then clamping them into a half-zippered fusion-incompetent state. Specifically, the central helix of CPX allows SNAREs to form this intermediate energetic state at 9-15 nm but not when the bilayers are closer than 9 nm. Stabilizing the activated-clamped state at separations of less than 9 nm requires the accessory helix of CPX, which prevents membrane-proximal assembly of SNAREpins. CPLX3 binds to the SNARE core complex containing SNAP25, VAMP2 and STX1A.

TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.2 kDa and the accession number is Q495A1-1.

TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc and Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.6 kDa and the accession number is Q495A1-1.

4-1BB/CD137/TNFRSF9 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-Fc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60 KDa and the accession number is A9YYE7.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9) is an inducible T cell surface protein belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein which contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. The human and mouse proteins share 60% amino acid sequence identity. It is absent from naive T cells, but upregulated and continually expressed following T cell activation. It is a receptor for TNFSF9/4-1BBL, and possibly active during T cell activation. 4-1BB/CD137/TNFRSF9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 24-186, His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-Avi-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27-35 KDa and the accession number is Q07011.

Galectin-9 is a cytoplasmic protein that contains two galectin domains. Galectin-9 is an S-type lectin that is over-expressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue. Galectin-9 binds galactosides and has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide. Galectin-9 plays a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus and Inhibits cell proliferation. Galectin-9 is a ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 and induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death. In addition, Galectin-9 suppresses tumor cell metastasis by interfering with the associations CD44, VCAM-1, Integrin α4β1

The transferrin receptor (CD71) is known as a receptor for IgA1 on mesangial cells. The transcript and protein expression of glomerular CD71 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Human mesangial cells (HMCs) were treated with sera from IgAN patients and expression levels of CD71 and inflammatory cytokine markers were compared according to disease status. Transferrin R/CD71 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 77.9 kDa and the accession number is P02786.

The transferrin receptor (CD71) is known as a receptor for IgA1 on mesangial cells. The transcript and protein expression of glomerular CD71 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Human mesangial cells (HMCs) were treated with sera from IgAN patients and expression levels of CD71 and inflammatory cytokine markers were compared according to disease status. Transferrin R/CD71 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 77.9 kDa and the accession number is P02786.

Plays a key role in both adaptive and innate immune signaling by bridging CARD domain-containing proteins to immune activation. Acts by channeling adaptive and innate immune signaling downstream of CARD domain-containing proteins CARD9, CARD11 and CARD14 to activate NF-kappa-B and MAP kinase p38 (MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and/or MAPK14) pathways which stimulate expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Recruited by activated CARD domain-containing proteins: homooligomerized CARD domain-containing proteins form a nucleating helical template that recruits BCL10 via CARD-CARD interaction, thereby promoting polymerization of BCL10, subsequent recruitment of MALT1 and formation of a CBM complex. This leads to activation of NF-kappa-B and MAP kinase p38 (MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and/or MAPK14) pathways which stimulate expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Activated by CARD9 downstream of C-type lectin receptors; CARD9-mediated signals are essential for antifungal immunity. Activated by CARD11 downstream of T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR). Promotes apoptosis, pro-caspase-9 maturation and activation of NF-kappa-B via NIK and IKK.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO3, also known as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen HD-CL-9, CTCL-associated antigen HD-CL-9, Dendritic cell-derived protein kinase, JNK / SAPK-inhibitory kinase, Jun kinase-inhibitory kinase, Kinase from chicken homolog A, Thousand and one amino acid protein 3, JIK, TAOK3 and MAP3K18, is cytoplasm and peripheral membrane protein which belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family and STE2 subfamily. Protein kinases are pivotal regulators of cell signaling that modulate each other's functions and activities through site-specific phosphorylation events. TAOK3 / JIK contains one protein kinase domain. TAOK3 / JIK is ubiquitously expressed at a low level, and highly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), thymus, spleen, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart and liver. TAOK3 / JIK inhibits the basal activity of Jun kinase. It is negatively regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). When overexpressed, TAOK3 / JIK may activate ERK1 / ERK2 and JNK / SAPK.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAPK9), also well known as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK2), is a member of the MAP kinase subfamily belonging to the protein kinase superfamily. MAPK9 responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating some transcription factors, such as c-Jun and ATF2. The crystal structure of human JNK2 complexed with an indazole inhibitor by applying a high-throughput protein engineering and surface-site mutagenesis approach. A novel conformation of the activation loop is observed, which is not compatible with its phosphorylation by upstream kinases. This activation inhibitory conformation of JNK2 is stabilized by the MAP kinase insert that interacts with the activation loop in an induced-fit manner. It suggests that the MAP kinase insert of JNK2 plays a role in the regulation of JNK2 activation, possibly by interacting with intracellular binding partners. JNK2 deficiency leads to reduced c-Jun degradation, thereby augmenting c-Jun levels and cellular proliferation, and suggests that JNK2 is a negative regulator of cellular proliferation in multiple cell types. JNK2 prevents replicative stress by coordinating cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair mechanisms. JNK2 blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. JNK2 negatively regulates antigen-specific CD8+ T cell expansion and effector function, and thus selectively blocking JNK2 in CD8+ T cells may potentially enhance the anti-tumor immune response. Lack of JNK2 expression was associated with higher tumor aneuploidy and reduced DNA damage response. Additionally, the JNK2 protein could be a novel therapeutic target in dry eye disease and may provide a novel target for the prevention of vascular disease and atherosclerosis.

TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 14.2 kDa and the accession number is Q495A1-1.

TIGIT Protein, Human, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.4 kDa and the accession number is Q495A1-1.