cc chemokine receptor

High affinity receptor for the C-C type chemokines CCL17/TARC, CCL22/MDC and CKLF isoform 1/CKLF1. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(i) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Can function as a chemoattractant homing receptor on circulating memory lymphocytes and as a coreceptor for some primary HIV-2 isolates. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival. CCR4 Protein-VLP, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.2 kDa and the accession number is P51679.

High affinity receptor for the C-C type chemokines CCL17/TARC, CCL22/MDC and CKLF isoform 1/CKLF1. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(i) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Can function as a chemoattractant homing receptor on circulating memory lymphocytes and as a coreceptor for some primary HIV-2 isolates. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival. CCR4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 19.0 kDa and the accession number is P51679.

CCR6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 12.9 kDa and the accession number is P51684.

C-C Motif Chemokine 3-Like 1 (CCL3L1) is a secreted protein that belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. CCL3L1 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR3 and CCR5. CCL3L1 binds to several chemokine receptors including chemokine binding protein 2 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5). CCR5 is a co-receptor for HIV, and binding of this protein to CCR5 inhibits HIV entry. The processed form LD78-beta (3-70) shows a 20-fold to 30-fold higher chemotactic activity and is a very potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals: most individuals have 1-6 copies in the diploid genome, although rare individuals have zero or more than six copies. The human genome reference assembly contains two full copies of the gene (CCL3L3 and CCL3L1) and a partial pseudogene. This record represents the more centromeric full-length gene.

Human Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 27 (CCL27) is a small cytokine that is a member of the CC chemokine family; it is expressed in numerous tissues, including gonads, thymus, placenta and skin. CCL27 elicits its chemotactic effects by binding to the chemokine receptor CCR10. Predominantly expressed in the skin, CCL27 is associated with T cell-mediated inflammation of the skin. Human and Mouse CCL27 share 84% sequence identity in the mature form.

The eotaxin subfamily of CC chemokines consists of eotaxin-1/CCL11, eotaxin-2/CCL24 and eotaxin-3/CCL26. All eotaxins induce the trafficking of eosinophils to the sites of inflammation via CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), which is also expressed by several different cell types, including basophils, dendritic cells, smooth muscle cells, epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The sequence similarity between the three eotaxins is limited (<4%), but their functional properties are very similar. Eotaxin-1 and -2 are expressed by both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells, but eotaxin-3 expression has been reported to be limited to non-haematopoietic cells. Interleukin (IL)-4 is the main inducer for eotaxin-3 expression, whereas eotaxin-1 is up-regulated by IL-4 and the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Eotaxin-3 is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and human dermal fibroblasts after IL-4 and IL-13 stimulation, and this is dependent upon the IL-4-/IL-13-specific transcription factor, signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT)-6. Eotaxin-3 is expressed on the surface of IL-4-stimulated endothelial cells and promotes eosinophil transmigration.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy

The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and small inducible cytokine A2 (SCYA2)), is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family responsible for monocyte attraction. Its cognate receptor, CCR2, play a critical role in regulating nociceptive processes during neuropathic pain. Both CCL2 and CCR2 are implicated in induction of autoimmunity. CCL2 recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection. Recently research also showed that CCL2 might be useful as a biomarker of fibrosis as well as a target for therapeutic intervention.

C-C Motif Chemokine 3 (MIP-1 alpha,CCL3 ) is a member of the beta or CC subfamily of chemokines and is closely related to CCL4/MIP-1 beta. CCL3 expression can be induced in a variety of hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. Mature mouse CCL3 shares 73%, 91%, and 82% amino acid sequence identity with human, rat, and cotton rat CCL3, respectively. CCL3 exerts its biological functions through interactions with CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5. It is cleared from the extracellular space by internalization via the decoy chemokine receptor D6. CCL3 promotes the chemoattraction, adhesion to activated vascular endothelium, and cellular activation of many hematopoietic cell types including activated T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells, and eosinophils. CCL3 is also known as stem cell inhibitor (SCI) and can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. CCL3 bioactivity contributes to tumor metastasis and the inflammatory components of viral infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatitis, although it also can suppress the replication of HIV.

C-C motif chemokine 9(CCL9) is an 11 kDa, secreted, monomeric polypeptide that belongs to the beta (or CC) intercrine family of chemokines. It is expressed mainly in the liver, lung, and the thymus, although some expression has been detected in a wide variety of tissues except brain. Monokine has inflammatory, pyrogenic and chemokinetic properties. It circulates at high concentrations in the blood of healthy animals. Binding to a high-affinity receptor，it activates calcium release in neutrophils. It also inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. CCL9 can activate osteoclasts through its receptor CCR1 (the most abundant chemokine receptor found on osteoclasts) suggesting an important role for CCL9 in bone resorption.

CCL24, also known as Eotaxin-2 and MPIF-2, belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. CCL24 gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. CCL24 displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes, a minimal activity on neutrophils, and is negative on monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. CCL24 is also a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. CCL24 is chemotactic for resting T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils. It has lower chemotactic activity for neutrophils but none for monocytes and activated lymphocytes. It is a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. Eotaxin-2 interacts with chemokine receptor CCR3 to induce chemotaxis in eosinophils. Elevated level of Eotaxin-2 has been seen in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

CCL16 is a member of CC chemokine family. CCL16 cDNA encodes a 120 amino acid peptide along with a 23 amino acids signal peptide that is cleaved to generate 97 amino acid protein. CCL16 is distantly related to other CC chemokines, showing less than 30% sequence identity. CCL16 elicits its effects on cells by interacting with cell surface chemokine receptors such as CCR1, CCR2, CCR5 and CCR8. Recombinant CCL16 has been shown to chemoattract human monocytes and THP1 cells but not resting lymphocytes nor neutrophils. CCL16 has potent myelosuppressive activity, suppresses proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. CCL16ninduces a calcium flux in THP1 cells that can be desensitized by prior exposure to RANTES, suggesting that CCL16 and RANTES share the same receptor in THP1 cells.

CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 8 (previously called CKR-L1 or TER1 and designated CD198), which is expressed on Th2 cells and eosinophils, has been implicated in allergic diseases. CCR8 may regulate monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell line apoptosis and is alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection. CCR8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.62 kDa and the accession number is P51685-1.

CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 8 (previously called CKR-L1 or TER1 and designated CD198), which is expressed on Th2 cells and eosinophils, has been implicated in allergic diseases. CCR8 may regulate monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell line apoptosis and is alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection. CCR8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.25 kDa and the accession number is P51685-1.

CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 8 (previously called CKR-L1 or TER1 and designated CD198), which is expressed on Th2 cells and eosinophils, has been implicated in allergic diseases. CCR8 may regulate monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell line apoptosis and is alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection. CCR8 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 29.73 kDa and the accession number is A0A8J8XUI3.

C-C Motif Chemokine 11 (CCL11) is a secreted protein that belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. In response to the presence of allergens, CCL11 selectively recruits eosinophils, a prominent feature of allergic inflammatory reactions. The effects of CCL11 are mediated by its binding to a G-protein-linked receptor known as a chemokine receptor. Chemokine receptors for CCL11 include CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5. However, it has been found that CCL11 has high degree selectivity for its receptor, such that they are inactive on neutrophils and monocytes, which do not express CCR3.

CCL27, also known as CTACK, is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. Members of this family are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. CCL27 is chemotactic for skin-associated memory T lymphocytes. CCL27 may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to cutaneous sites. CCL27 plays a pivotal role in establishing the inflammatory infiltrate characteristic for common inflammatory skin diseases. Through binding to the chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1), CCL27 mediates inflammation by promoting lymphocyte migration into the skin.