white

Influenza A H5N1 (A/Japanese white-eye/Hong Kong/1038/2006) Hemagglutinin/HA Protein (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60 kDa and the accession number is A0FFY3.

Influenza A H5N1 (A/Japanese white-eye/Hong Kong/1038/2006) Hemagglutinin/HA1 Protein (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38 kDa and the accession number is A0FFY3.

Influenza A H5N1 (A/Japanese white-eye/Hong Kong/1038/2006) Hemagglutinin/HA1 Protein (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38 kDa and the accession number is A0FFY3.

Influenza A H5N1 (A/Japanese white-eye/Hong Kong/1038/2006) Hemagglutinin/HA Protein (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60 kDa and the accession number is A0FFY3.

Hexokinase-3, also known as Hexokinase type III, HKIII, and HK3, is a protein that belongs to the hexokinase family. Hexokinase-3 / HK3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HK2 gene. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose 6-phosphate, committing glucose to the glycolytic pathway. In mammalian tissues, hexokinase exists as four isoenzymes encoded by distinct genes. These proteins are homologous and are organized in two homologous domains, except for hexokinase type IV which has only one. This organization is believed to be the result of a duplication and tandem fusion event involving the gene encoding for the ancestral hexokinase. The gene encodes hexokinase-3. Similar to hexokinases-1 and hexokinases-2, this allosteric enzyme is inhibited by its product glucose 6-phosphate.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. It is a 15,5 - 16 kDa protein that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. IL-2 has essential roles in key functions of the immune system, tolerance and immunity, primarily via its direct effects on T cells. IL-2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.1 kDa and the accession number is P04351-1.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), also known as glutamate pyruvate transaminase (Gpt), is a pyridoxal enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutalate to pyruvate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. As a key enzyme for gluconeogenesis, Gpt is a widely-used serum marker for liver injury. Two ALT isoenzymes have been identified, ALT1 and ALT2 (GPT1 and GPT2), which are encoded by separate genes and share significant sequence homology, but differ in their expression patterns. Gpt1 is widely distributed and mainly expressed in the intestine, liver, fat tissues, colon, muscle, and heart, in the order of high to low expression level, whereas Gpt2 expression is more restricted, mainly in the liver, muscle, brain, and white adipose tissue. It has been reported that hepatic ALT2 protein is approximately four times higher in male rats than in female rats.

Serpins are the largest and most diverse family of protease inhibitors. Most serpins control proteolytic cascades, certain serpins do not inhibit enzymes, but instead perform diverse functions such as storage (ovalbumin, in egg white), hormone carriage proteins (thyroxine-binding globulin, cortisol-binding globulin) and tumor suppressor genes (maspin). Most inhibitory serpins target chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. These enzymes are defined by the presence of a nucleophilic serine residue in their catalytic site. Some serpins inhibit other classes of protease. A number of such serpins have been shown to target cysteine proteases. These enzymes differ from serine proteases in that they are defined by the presence of a nucleophilic cysteine residue, rather than a serine residue, in their catalytic site.SerpinA12, also known as OL-64, Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, Vaspin, Visceral adipose-specific serpin and SERPINA12, is a secreted protein that belongs to the serpin family. SerpinA12 / Vaspin is expressed in visceral adipose tissues. It may modulate insulin action conceivably only in the presence of its yet undefined target proteases in white adipose tissues. SerpinA12 / Vaspin may be the compensatory molecule in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and SerpinA12 / Vaspin recombinant protein or vaspin-mimicking agents such as vaspin analogs, antibodies or small molecule agents may be the link to drug discovery and development.

SUSD4, also known as sushi domain-containing protein 4, is a hypothetical cell surface protein whose tissue distribution and function are completely unknown. SUSD4 is detectable in murine brains, eyes, spinal cords, and testis but not other tissues. In brains, SUSD4 is highly expressed in the white matter on oligodendrocytes/axons, and in eyes, it is exclusively expressed on the photoreceptor outer segments. In in vitro complement assays, SUSD4 augments the alternative but not the classical pathway of complement activation at the C3 convertase step. SUSD4 deficiency may cause autism or Fryns syndrome, both of which are genetic diseases with severe abnormal neurological development and/or functions.

Vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 (VMO1), a basic protein present in the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of eggs, plays essential roles in separating the yolk from the egg white and preventing infection from bacteria by forming a barrier of fibrous layers in avian eggs. VMO1 is regulated by estrogen and target microRNAs and it is a potential diagnostic marker of ovarian cancer in laying hens. VMO1 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 19.04 kDa and the accession number is Q7Z5L0-1.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. It is a 15,5 - 16 kDa protein that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. IL-2 has essential roles in key functions of the immune system, tolerance and immunity, primarily via its direct effects on T cells. IL-2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.1 kDa and the accession number is P04351-1.

Vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 (VMO1), a basic protein present in the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of eggs, plays essential roles in separating the yolk from the egg white and preventing infection from bacteria by forming a barrier of fibrous layers in avian eggs. VMO1 is regulated by estrogen and target microRNAs and it is a potential diagnostic marker of ovarian cancer in laying hens. VMO1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.4 kDa and the accession number is Q7Z5L0-1.

Acetoacetyl-CoA Synthetase (AACS) is a novel cytosolic ketone body (acetoacetate)-specific ligase. The AACS in adipose tissue plays an important role in utilizing ketone body for the fatty acid-synthesis during adipose tissue development. It had been improved that Acetoacetyl-CoA Synthetase is an essential enzyme for the synthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol from ketone bodies, was found to be highly expressed in mouse adipose tissue, and GC box and C/EBPs motif were crucial for AACS promoter activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, AACS promoter activity was controlled mainly by C/EBPalpha during adipogenesis. AACS gene expression is particularly abundant in white adipose tissue, as it is induced during adipocyte differentiation. The human AACS promoter is a PPARgamma target gene and that this nuclear receptor is recruited to the AACS promoter by direct interaction with Sp1 (stimulating protein-1). The Acetoacetyl-CoA Synthetase has important roles in the regulation of ketone body utilization in rat liver and that these hypocholesterolemic agents have the ability to remedy the impaired utilization of ketone bodies under the diabetic condition.

Leptin is a hormone secreted from white adipocytes and plays important role in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin functions via signaling pathways involving OB-R in hypothalamus. Animal models have revealed the influence of Leptin in reducing body weight and regulating blood glucose level. When mutations are introduced in obese gene, mice with impaired function of leptin are massively obese and in high risk of diabetes. Leptin deficiency reduces metablic rate. Leptin deficient mice are less active and with lower body temperature than normal animals. Human Leptin shares approximately 84% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Human Leptin consists of 167 amino acid residue including a 21 amino acid residue signal sequence and 146 amino acid residue mature protein sequence.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a growth factor and an essential cytokine which belongs to the IL-6 superfamily. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. G-CSF binding to its receptor G-CSF-R which belongs to the cytokine receptor type I family depends on the interaction of alpha-helical motifs of the former and two fibronectin type III as well as an immunoglobulin-like domain of the latter. G-CSF is a cytokine that have been demonstrated to improve cardiac function and perfusion in myocardial infarction. And it was initially evaluated as a stem cell mobilizer and erythropoietin as a cytoprotective agent.

S100-B, is an acidic protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa belonging to the S100 family. S100-B contains two EF-hand-type calcium-binding motifs separated by a hinge region with a hydrophobic cleft. S100-B plays an important role in neurodevelopment, differentiation, and brain construction. S100-B has neuroprotective effects, but at high concentrations S100-B is neurotoxic. Extracellular concentration of S100-B increases following brain damage, which easily penetrates into cerebrospinal fluid in brain damage and then into the blood. S100-B is expressed and produced by astrocytes in vertebrate brains and in the CNS, and the astrocytes are the major cells producing S100-B protein in gray matter, as well as oligodendrocytes are the predominant S100-B in protein producing cells in white matter. The major advantage of using S100-B is that elevations in serum or CSF levels provide a sensitive measure for determining CNS injury at the molecular level before gross changes develop, enabling timely delivery of crucial medical intervention before irreversible damage occurs. In addition, S100-B, which is also present in Mouse melanocytes, is a reliable marker for melanoma malignancy both in bioptic tissue and in serum.

Alpha-2-glycoprotein, also known as AZGP1, belongs to the MHC class I family. It can be detected in body fluids such as serum, sweat, and seminal and breast cyst fluids. It has been shown that alpha-2-glycoprotein can stimulate lipolysis by adipocytes in vivo and in vitro. Thus it is believed that alpha-2-glycoprotein plays an important role in the regulation of body weight, and age-dependent changes in genetically influenced obesity, and it also regulates melanin production by normal and malignant melanocytes. Alpha-2-glycoprotein is produced by both white and brown fat adipocytes and may act in a local autocrine fashion in the reduction of adiposity in cachexia.

RNASET2 (ribonuclease T2) is an enzyme that belongs to the RNase T2 family. It is highly expressed in the temporal lobe and fetal brain. RNASET2 gene is a novel member of the Rh/T2/S-glycoprotein class of extracellular ribonucleases. It is a single copy gene that maps to 6q27, a region associated with human malignancies and chromosomal rearrangement. Defects in RNASET2 are the cause of leukoencephalopathy cystic without megalencephaly. An infantile-onset syndrome of cerebral leukoencephalopathy. Affected newborns develop microcephaly and neurologic abnormalities including psychomotor impairment, seizures and sensorineural hearing impairment. The brain shows multifocal white matter lesions, anterior temporal lobe subcortical cysts, pericystic abnormal myelination, ventriculomegaly and intracranial calcifications.

The Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (IL-2 Rγ, CD132) of the high affinity functional mouse IL-2 receptor complex is a member the hematopoietin receptor family. It is expressed on most lymphocyte (white blood cell) populations, and its gene is found on the X-chromosome of mammals. Common IL2 receptor-γ Chain is required for IL-2 receptor signaling. Besides IL-2, the Common IL2 receptor-γ chain has been shown to be a component of the functional receptor complexes for IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15. It is a component of multiple cytokine receptors that are essential for lymphocyte development and function. Common IL2 receptor-γ Chain is also designated the common gamma chain.

Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factors (m-csf) are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and themonocytes-macrophages. CSF-1 promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. It also plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development. CSF-1 is required for normal male and female fertility and promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration. it also plays a role in lipoprotein clearance.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is a growth factor that belongs to the FGF family. FGF family proteins play a central role during prenatal development and postnatal growth and regeneration of mamy tissues, by promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation. FGF21 is a potent activator of glucose uptake on adipocytes, protects animal from diet-induced obesity when overexpression in transgenic mice, and lower blood glucose and triglyceride levels when therapeutically adiministered to diabetic redents. FGF21 is produced by hepatocytes in reponse to free fatty acid stimulation of a PPARa/RXR dimeric complex. This situation occurs clinically during starvation, or following the ingestionof a highly-fat/low-carbohydrate diet. Upon FGF21 secretion, white adipose tissue is induced to release free fatty acids from triglyceride stores. Once free fatty acid reach hepatocytes, they are oxidized and reduced to acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA is recombined into 4-carbon ketone bodies, release, and transported to peripheral tissue for TCA processing and energy generation.

Leptin is a hormone secreted from white adipocytes and plays important role in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin functions via signaling pathways involving OB-R in hypothalamus. In mammals, leptin is mainly produced by the adipose tissue and encodes body fat reserves, acting as a short-term satiety signal. In fish, the presence of a leptin-like peptide was first evidenced by immuno-cross-reactivity, and its existence was certainly demonstrated after the finding by synteny of a leptin sequence in the pufferfish.

Hormone induced following exercise or cold exposure that promotes energy expenditure. Induced either in the skeletal muscle after exercise or in adipose tissue following cold exposure and is present in the circulation. Able to stimulate energy expenditure associated with the browning of the white fat depots and improves glucose tolerance. Does not promote an increase in a thermogenic gene program via direct action on adipocytes, but acts by stimulating several immune cell subtypes to enter the adipose tissue and activate their prothermogenic actions. Stimulates an eosinophil-dependent increase in IL4 expression and promotes alternative activation of adipose tissue macrophages, which are required for the increased expression of the thermogenic and anti-inflammatory gene programs in fat. Required for some cold-induced thermogenic responses, suggesting a role in metabolic adaptations to cold temperatures.

Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor, also known as PZ-dependent protease inhibitor, SERPINA1 and ZPI, is a secreted protein that belongs to the serpin family. It is expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. SERPINA1 / Serpin-A1 inhibits factor Xa activity in the presence of protein Z, calcium and phospholipid. Serpins are a group of proteins with similar structures that were first identified as a set of proteins able to inhibit proteases. The acronym serpin was originally coined because many serpins inhibit chymotrypsin-like serine proteases (serine protease inhibitors). Over 1 serpins have now been identified, these include 36 human proteins, as well as molecules in plants, fungi, bacteria, archaea and certain viruses. Serpins are the largest and most diverse family of protease inhibitors. Most serpins control proteolytic cascades, certain serpins do not inhibit enzymes, but instead perform diverse functions such as storage (ovalbumin, in egg white), hormone carriage proteins (thyroxine-binding globulin, cortisol-binding globulin) and tumor suppressor genes (maspin). Most inhibitory serpins target chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. These enzymes are defined by the presence of a nucleophilic serine residue in their catalytic site. Some serpins inhibit other classes of protease. A number of such serpins have been shown to target cysteine proteases. These enzymes differ from serine proteases in that they are defined by the presence of a nucleophilic cysteine residue, rather than a serine residue, in their catalytic site.

CD46, also known as Membrane Cofactor Protein (MCP), is a complement regulatory protein. CD46 is a type 1 membrane protein that plays an important inhibitory role in the complement system. CD46 is expressed in white blood cells, platelets, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Human CD46 shares 5% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat CD46. The importance of CD46 to complement regulation is underscored by the observation that genetic loss of CD46 leads to development of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS), a disease characterized by uncontrolled complement activation. CD46 is implicated in the development and/or progression of selected cancer types.

Golgi membrane protein 1, also known as Golgi membrane protein GP73, Golgi phosphoprotein 2, and GOLM1, is a protein that belongs to the GOLM1 / CASC4 family. GOLM1 is widely expressed. It is highly expressed in the colon, prostate, trachea, and stomach. It is expressed at a lower level in testis, muscle, lymphoid tissues, white blood cells, and spleen. It is predominantly expressed by cells of the epithelial lineage. GOLM1 is expressed at a low level in the normal liver. Expression significantly increases in virus (HBV, HCV) infected liver. Expression of GOLM1 does not increase in liver disease due to non-viral causes (alcohol-induced liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis). Increased expression in hepatocytes appears to be a general feature of advanced liver disease. In liver tissue from patients with adult giant-cell hepatitis (GCH), GOLM1 is strongly expressed in hepatocyte-derived syncytial giant cells. GOLM1 is constitutively expressed by biliary epithelial cells but not by hepatocytes.