NCI-B16 is a small-molecule RNA binder that inhibits HCV (hepatitis C virus) replication [1].

CS-B1628 (tert-Butyl 2-(6-bromo-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(2H)-yl)-2-methylpropanoate) can be used in the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives, with the potential use of being a starting material for a wide variety of organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Betulinaldehyde (Betunal) has the inhibition of Saccharomyces sp and alpha-glucosidase. Betulinaldehyde induces apoptosis in mouse B16 2F2 cells. Betulinaldehyde has anti-proliferative activity against mouse +SA mammary epithelial cells.

Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide (Chloroquinoxaline) is a topoisomerase II alpha/beta toxin with antitumor activity and immunosuppressive properties that inhibits the proliferation of B16 melanoma cells in mice, and can be used to study metastatic colorectal cancer. It can be used to study metastatic colorectal cancer.

RCB16007 is a Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) inhibitor that also demonstrates inhibitory action against the West Nile virus with an effective concentration (EC50) of 7.9 μM and a cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 17 μM [1].

FR-167356 is a specific inhibitor of a3 isoform vacuolar type H⁺-ATPase with IC50s of 170 nM, 370 nM and 220 nM for osteoclast plasma membranes, renal brush border membranes and macrophage microsomes. FR-167356 reduces bone metastasis of B16-F10 cells.

Myomodulin acetate is present in two identified aplysia neurons that contain myomodulin A the ARC motor neuron B16 and the abdominal neuron L10.

KYN-101 is a potent, selective synthetic antagonist of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) with IC50 of 22 nM in human HepG2 DRE-luciferase reporter assay and 23 nM in murine Hepa1 Cyp-luc assay.KYN-101 reverses IDO/TDO-mediated tumor progression and improves the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in B16 IDO tumor-bearing mice, as well as CT26 colorectal cancer model expressing endogenous high levels of IDO.

INCB16562 is a novel, selective, and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 markedly selective over JAK3. Treatment of myeloma cells with INCB16562 potently inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced phosphorylation of STAT3. INCB16562 abrogated the protective effects of recombinant cytokines or bone marrow stromal cells and sensitized myeloma cells to cell death by exposure to dexamethasone, melphalan, or bortezomib. Oral administration of INCB16562 antagonized the growth of myeloma xenografts in mice and enhanced the antitumor activity of relevant agents in combination studies. INCB16562 is a potent JAK1/2 inhibitor and that mitigation of JAK/STAT signaling by targeting JAK1 and JAK2 will be beneficial in the treatment of myeloma patients, particularly in combination with other agents. ( source: Neoplasia. 2010 Jan;12(1):28-38. ).

Diarylcomosol III shows inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, it is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin disorders.

(-)-Chimonanthine (IC50 = 0.93 μM) shows potent inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells.

FAK-IN-7 has potential antiproliferative activity and is a FAK inhibitor.

Neorauflavane shows tyrosinase inhibition, it can inhibit tyrosinase monophenolase activity with an IC50 of 30 nM, it also can efficiently reduce melanin content in B16 melanoma cells with 12.95 uM of IC50.

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg/ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg/ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg/ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16/BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg/kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg/ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg.3Ajoene (25 mg/kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16/BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

Cryptomeridiol is a potential skin-whitening agent, exhibits melanogenesis inhibitory activity on α-MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells. Cryptomeridiol has low activity against A. niger, T. mentagrophytes, and C. albicans. (-)-Cryptomeridiol also exhibits a significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on PAF receptor binding, with inhibitory concentration (IC)(50) values of 17.5 uM.

3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl 28-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside is a saponin compound extracted from Polaskia chichipe Backbg. It demonstrates an 84.2% inhibitory activity on melanin biosynthesis at a concentration of 100μM in B16 melanoma cells[1].

CAY10736 is an anticancer compound.1 It inhibits proliferation in a panel of melanoma and breast, pancreatic, and lung cancer cell lines (IC50s = 0.827-9.89 μM). CAY10736 inhibits migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A375 and B16/F10 melanoma cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. It reduces the viability of spheroid A375 and B16/F10 cells (IC50s = 2.4 and 1.59 μM, respectively) and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CAY10736 (5 mg/kg) reduces tumor growth in B16/F10 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma mouse models and an A375 mouse xenograft model.References1. Liu, X., Li, B., Zhang, Z., et al. Synthesis and discovery novel anti-cancer stem cells compounds derived from the natural triterpenoic acids. J. Med. Chem. 61(23), 10814-10833 (2018). CAY10736 is an anticancer compound.1 It inhibits proliferation in a panel of melanoma and breast, pancreatic, and lung cancer cell lines (IC50s = 0.827-9.89 μM). CAY10736 inhibits migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A375 and B16/F10 melanoma cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. It reduces the viability of spheroid A375 and B16/F10 cells (IC50s = 2.4 and 1.59 μM, respectively) and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CAY10736 (5 mg/kg) reduces tumor growth in B16/F10 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma mouse models and an A375 mouse xenograft model. References1. Liu, X., Li, B., Zhang, Z., et al. Synthesis and discovery novel anti-cancer stem cells compounds derived from the natural triterpenoic acids. J. Med. Chem. 61(23), 10814-10833 (2018).

2-Oxopomolic acid shows cytotoxic activity, it shows a significant decrease in intracellular melanin content in B16-F10 cells, and in culture media melanin. 2-Oxopomolic acid shows radical-scavenging activities similar to that of the reference antioxidant

Artocarpin is a flavonoid isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus with bactericidal activity, inhibiting multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. Artocarpin inhibits melanin biosynthesis in B16 melanoma cells and induces rapid cell lysis. Artocarpin is used in the study of skin diseases.

(R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptan-3-one ((5R)-Dihydroyashabushiketol) is extracted from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum, a Chinese medicinal herb. (R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptan-3-one inhibits melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells.

Cytostatin (sodium salt) is a natural antitumor inhibitor of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, blocking adhesion of B16 melanoma cells to laminin and collagen type IV in vitro (IC50s = 1.3 and 1.4 μg/ml, respectively) and B16 cells metastatic activity in mice. It induces apoptosis of FS3 mouse fibrosarcoma cells (IC50 = 3.1 μg/ml). Cytostatin (sodium salt) potently and selectively inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A; IC50 = 29 nM against the catalytic subunit), while having no effect against PP1, PP2B, or PP5.

Fupenzic acid shows a significant decrease in intracellular melanin content in B16-F10 cells, and in culture media melanin.

Gp100 (25-33), human is the amino acids 25-33 fragment of the human melanoma antigen. It is a 9-amino acid (AA) epitope restricted by H-2Db and recognized by the T cells.This is amino acids 25 to 33 fragment of human melanoma antigen gp100. This H-2Db res

Quinaldopeptin is a quinomycin antibiotic. It is active against a variety of bacteria, including S. pyogenes, S. aureus, C. perfringens, S. faecalis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae (MICs = 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.1 and 6.3 μg/ml, respectively). It is cytotoxic to B16/F10 and Moser cells (IC50s = 0.0008 and 0.04 μg/ml, respectively) and increases survival in a P388 leukemia mouse model. Quinaldopeptin is a bis-intercalator depsipeptide (NPBID) that binds to and intercalates into DNA (Kd = 32 nM).

Diprovocim-1 is an agonist of the toll-like receptor 1/2 heterodimer.1It induces TNF-α release in THP-1 cells (EC50= 110 pM), an effect that can be inhibited by anti-TLR1 or anti-TLR2 antibodies. Diprovocim-1 (10 mg/kg) increases the production of ovalbumin-specific IgG1 in wild-type, but notTLR2-/-, mice sensitized to ovalbumin.2It also enhances anti-PD-L1 antibody-induced activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, reduction of tumor growth, and increases in survival in a B16/F10 murine melanoma model. 1.Morin, M.D., Wang, Y., Jones, B.T., et al.Diprovocims: A new and exceptionally potent class of toll-like receptor agonistsJ. Am. Chem. Soc.140(43)14440-14454(2018) 2.Wang, Y., Su, L., Morin, M.D., et al.Adjuvant effect of the novel TLR1/TLR2 agonist Diprovocim synergizes with anti-PD-L1 to eliminate melanoma in miceProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.115(37)E8698-E8706(2018)

Heliquinomycin is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated fromStreptomycesthat has diverse biological activities.1It is active against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including strains ofB. anthracis, B. subtilis, and methicillin-sensitive or -resistantS. aureus(MICs = <0.05-0.39 μg/ml). Heliquinomycin inhibits the activity of DNA helicase with a Kivalue of 6.8 μM. It reduces the growth of L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma, and FS-3 fibrosarcoma cells (IC50s = 0.97, 0.89, and 0.83 μg/ml, respectively). 1.Chino, M., Nishikawa, K., Umekita, M., et al.Heliquinomycin, a new inhibitor of DNA helicase, produced by Streptomyces sp. MJ929-SF2 I. Taxonomy, production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activitiesJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)49(8)752-757(1996)

Saikosaponin B2 acts on HCV E2 and inhibits infection by several genotypic strains and prevents binding of serum-derived HCV onto hepatoma cells. Saikosaponin B2 (5 μM) induces differentiation of B16 melanoma cells, with potentiation of expressions of tyr

Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate is an esterified derivative of p-coumaric acid isolated from the flowers of Trixis michuacana var. longifolia, exhibiting antibacterial and anti-melanogenesis properties.

Cytostatin is a natural antitumor inhibitor of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, blocking adhesion of B16 melanoma cells to laminin and collagen type IV in vitro (IC50s = 1.3 and 1.4 μg/ml, respectively) and B16 cells metastatic activity in mice. It induces apoptosis of FS3 mouse fibrosarcoma cells (IC50 = 3.1 μg/ml). Cytostatin potently and selectively inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A; IC50 = 29 nM against the catalytic subunit), while having no effect against PP1, PP2B, or PP5.

4-Carboxyquinoline (4-Quinolinecarboxylic acid) showed anti-tumor activity against L1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma.

CAY10763 is a dual inhibitor of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1; IC50= 46 nM) and STAT3 activation.1It binds to STAT3 (Kd= 530 nM) and selectively reduces the levels of STAT3 phosphorylated at the tyrosine in position 705 (STAT3Y705) over phosphorylated STAT3S727, STAT1, and STAT5 in SKOV3 cells when used at a concentration of 500 nM. It also inhibits STAT3 nuclear translocation in SKOV3 cells. CAY10763 is cytotoxic to HCT116, SKOV3, A549, and HepG2 cancer cells (IC50s = 37, 28, 33, and 12 nM, respectively). It reduces tumor growth in B16/F10 mouse melanoma and HepG2 mouse xenograft models when administered at doses of 100 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. 1.Huang, R., Jing, X., Huang, X., et al.Bifunctional naphthoquinone aromatic amide-oxime derivatives exert combined immunotherapeutic and antitumor effects through simultaneous targeting of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3J. Med. Chem.63(4)1544-1563(2020)

(+)-Norglaucine shows cytotoxic activity toward the tumor cell lines B16-F10 (mouse melanoma), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), K562 (human chronic myelocytic leukemia) and HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) and non-tumor peripheral blood mononuc

Vindesine sulfate (Desacetyl Vinblastine amide) is a vinca alkaloid which is a synthetic derivative of vinblastine, binds to the microtubular proteins of the mitotic spindle, leading to crystallization of the microtubule and mitotic arrest or cell death.

LP23, a non-arylmethylamine PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor (IC 50: 16.7 nM), exhibits anti-tumor activity through the restoration of immune cell function in HepG2/Jurkat T cells and induction of HepG2 cell death. Additionally, LP23 demonstrates in vivo efficacy in the B16-F10 tumor model (TGI=88.6% at 30 mg/kg) [1].

Noroxyhydrastinine exhibits potent melanogenesis-inhibitory activities, it inhibits melanogenesis, at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of protein levels of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 in α-MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells.

BMP-22 is an inhibitor of autotaxin (IC50 = 170 nM). It is selective for autotaxin over the phosphodiesterases NPP6 and NPP7 at 10 μM. BMP-22 (0.1-1,000 nM) inhibits autotaxin-mediated production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibits LPC-dependent MM1 cell invasion of a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer. BMP-22 (0.5 mg/kg per day) decreases the number of lung metastatic foci in a B16/F10 syngeneic mouse melanoma model of lung metastasis.

RIPK1-IN-7 is a potent and selective inhibitor of RIPK1(Kd of 4 nM and an enzymatic IC50 of 11 nM),andexhibits excellent antimetastasis activity in the experimental B16 melanoma lung metastasis model.

DMHAPC-Chol is a cationic cholesterol. Liposomes containing DMHAPC-chol have been used for DNA plasmid delivery in vitro and in vivo in a B16-F10 mouse xenograft model. Liposomes containing DMHAPC-chol are cytotoxic to B16-F10 cells when used at lipid concentrations greater than 20 μM. DMHAPC-Chol, as part of a lipoplex with DOPE , has also been used to deliver DNA into mouse lung via intratracheal injection, resulting in a heterogeneous distribution in the bronchi and bronchioles, and to deliver VEGF siRNA into A431 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which secrete VEGF.

Dendrogenin A (DDA) is a compound acting as a selective liver X receptor (LXR) modulator, cholesterol epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (Ki = 120 nM), and a metabolic product of cholesterol, originating from 5,6α-epoxy cholesterol through histamine conjugation via DDA synthase. This compound is present in non-cancerous human mammary epithelial cells and melanocytes, but absent or minimally present in various breast carcinoma, melanoma cells, and isolated human breast tumor tissues. DDA impedes the activation of LXRβ and LXRα induced by 22(R)-hydroxy cholesterol (IC50s = 76 and 362 nM, respectively), yet it also functions as a partial LXR agonist, boosting the protein levels of Nur77, NOR-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II in B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. It shows a preference for LXRα and LXRβ modulation while displaying selectivity over other receptors including pregnane X receptor (PXR), and various others at a concentration of 2.5 µM. Moreover, DDA enhances LC3-II protein levels in cancer cells and prompts autophagic cell death at specific concentrations. Notably, DDA (0.37 µg/kg) has been shown to diminish tumor growth in melanoma and mammary cancer murine models and promotes cancer cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.

Palmitoyl 3-carbacyclic phosphatidic acid, a palmitoylated Carba-like cyclophosphatidic acid and LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) analog, possesses distinct biological activities compared to LPA, including the inhibition of RhoA activation and melanoma cell migration. This compound has demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting experimental lung metastasis and reducing tumor nodule counts in a B16-F0 xenograft mouse model [1].

Tyrosinase-related Protein 2 (TRP-2) (181-188) is a peptide derived from the tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), specifically corresponding to residues 180-188. It is the primary epitope within TRP-2 that is recognized by anti-B16 CTLs. Moreover, It is a peptide that conforms to the binding motif of the MHC class I H2-Kb.

Torilin is an inhibitor of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase, it (IC50 = 31.7 +/- 4.23 microM) shows a stronger inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase than alpha-linolenic acid (IC50 = 160.3 +/- 24.62 microM) but is weaker than finasteride (IC50 = 0.38 +/- 0.06 microM). Torilin has immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, it inhibits inflammation by limiting TAK1-mediated MAP kinase and NF-κB activation, it can attenuate arthritis severity, modify leukocyte activations in dLNs or joints, and restore serum and splenocyte cytokine imbalances. Torilin inhibits melanin production in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-activated B16 melanoma cells, with an IC(50) value of 25 microM. Torilin shows excellent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 spores and vegetative cells. Torilin has a potent anti-angiogenic activity both in vivo and in vitro, and it may have a strong activity to suppress tumorigenesis by inhibition of tumor invasion, it reverses multidrug-resistance in cancer cells, it can potentiate the cytotoxicities of adriamycin, vinblastine, taxol and colchicine against multidrug-resistant KB-V1 and MCF7/ADR cells.

STING agonist 12L is a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist that exhibits binding affinity for both wild-type STING and its variants R232, AQ, and Q with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 1.15 µM for wild-type, 1.06 µM for R232, 0.61 µM for AQ, and 1.12 µM for Q. It effectively induces reporter gene expression in THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells, with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) of 0.38 µM and 12.94 µM, respectively. At a concentration of 5 µM, STING agonist 12L escalates the expression of IFNB1, CXCL10, and IL6 mRNA in THP-1 cells. When administered in vivo at a dose of 10 mg/kg, it enhances plasma IFN-β levels and considerably reduces tumor volume and the number of lung metastases in a B16/F10 murine melanoma model.

Ohchinin exhibits potent inhibitory activities with 26 - 66% reduction of melanin content at 100 μm concentration with almost no or low toxicity to the B16 melanoma cells (70 - 99% cell viability at 100 μm).

Gnetol competitivity inhibits butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 1.3 uM). Gnetol has a strong inhibitory effect on murine tyrosinase activity. Gnetol significantly suppresses melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells. It is active in the inhibition of a

1. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (Feruloyltyramine)(NTF) has hepatoprotective effect. 2. NTF has antioxidative activity against Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal death. 3. NTF is likely to inhibit COX enzymes, thereby suppressing P-selectin expression on platelets, is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. 4. NTF inhibits melanogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, NTF induces downregulation of tyrosinase resulted in suppression of melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells.

1. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) possess anti-anxiety, and neuroprotective qualities. 2. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) reatment can induce a sustained activation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPKs, it also can potentiate the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of bortezomib in U266 cells. 3. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) has anti-inflammatory activity in activated macrophages, raising the possibility that this compound has a therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions. 4. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) is an uncompetitive inhibitor of murine tyrosinase (K(I) 0.28mm), it strongly inhibits both melanogenesis and cellular tyrosinase activity in vitro in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin-stimulated B16 mouse melanoma cells or in vivo in zebrafish and mouse models.

IZTZ-1 is a c-MYC G4 ligand, an imidazole-benzothiazole conjugate. c-MYC G4 is stabilized and c-MYC expression is down-regulated by IZTZ-1. c-MYC G4 is a cell cycle blocker and induces apoptosis, and inhibits the proliferation of B16 cells. Melanoma.

icFSP1, an inhibitor of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), promotes condensation and phase separation of FSP1 in cellular environments at 2.5 µM concentration but does not affect FSP1's enzymatic function in cell-free assessments (IC50 = > 30 µM). This compound selectively induces ferroptosis in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in vivo studies show that icFSP1 administered at 50 mg/kg significantly reduces both the volume and weight of tumors in a B16/F10 murine melanoma model utilizing human FSP1-overexpressing, Gpx4-/-Fsp1-/- B16/F10 cells.

Antitumor Photosensitizer-4 (compound 10b), a conjugate of dasatinib and imatinib, serves as a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting ABCG2. This photosensitizer (PS) induces apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while demonstrating significant phototoxicity against both HepG2 and B16-F10 cells [1].